Objective <p>Evaluating comfort during traditional Diabetes Mellitus (DM) testing through blood collection versus non-invasive methods among individuals with and without DM and identifying personal characteristics influencing distress.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional, observational study included 232 participants whose comfort levels were assessed using ten Likert scale questions. Participants were evaluated during traditional diabetes screening involving blood drawings and non-invasive screening methods. Anthropometrics, demographics, medical history, and HbA1c were also recorded. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify factors contributing to participant comfort during traditional and non-invasive diabetes testing.</p> Results <p>Two factors accounted for 57.59% of the variation, χ2(<i>n</i> = 232) = 917.55 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Six questions were assigned to the Medical Testing Comfort (MTC) factor with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.876. The MTC questions assessed comfort during the typical diabetes testing procedures available in most developing countries worldwide. Lower MTC scores indicate greater discomfort during conventional tests and a preference for non-invasives. Non-invasive testing was preferred by 84.1 ± 1.5% of all participants, while those without a previous DM diagnosis were three times less likely to choose conventional testing. All children and adults without previous blood test experience preferred non-invasives. Joint mobility measurements were the preferred non-invasive method (98.7 ± 0.5%), followed by skin photography (96.1 ± 0.3%).</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings highlight the importance of patient comfort in diabetes care, emphasizing the preference for non-invasive testing to enhance detection and management. The MTC scale’s findings suggest revising DM testing protocols may expand surveillance, enhance healthcare experiences and improve outcomes.</p>

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Comfort matters: evaluating preferences for Non-Invasive diabetes testing over conventional blood tests

  • Andrew Sastri Dhanoo,
  • Felicia Hill-Briggs,
  • Seamus Sreenan,
  • Brian Noel Cockburn

摘要

Objective

Evaluating comfort during traditional Diabetes Mellitus (DM) testing through blood collection versus non-invasive methods among individuals with and without DM and identifying personal characteristics influencing distress.

Methods

This cross-sectional, observational study included 232 participants whose comfort levels were assessed using ten Likert scale questions. Participants were evaluated during traditional diabetes screening involving blood drawings and non-invasive screening methods. Anthropometrics, demographics, medical history, and HbA1c were also recorded. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify factors contributing to participant comfort during traditional and non-invasive diabetes testing.

Results

Two factors accounted for 57.59% of the variation, χ2(n = 232) = 917.55 (p < 0.001). Six questions were assigned to the Medical Testing Comfort (MTC) factor with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.876. The MTC questions assessed comfort during the typical diabetes testing procedures available in most developing countries worldwide. Lower MTC scores indicate greater discomfort during conventional tests and a preference for non-invasives. Non-invasive testing was preferred by 84.1 ± 1.5% of all participants, while those without a previous DM diagnosis were three times less likely to choose conventional testing. All children and adults without previous blood test experience preferred non-invasives. Joint mobility measurements were the preferred non-invasive method (98.7 ± 0.5%), followed by skin photography (96.1 ± 0.3%).

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance of patient comfort in diabetes care, emphasizing the preference for non-invasive testing to enhance detection and management. The MTC scale’s findings suggest revising DM testing protocols may expand surveillance, enhance healthcare experiences and improve outcomes.