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Background <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk of various cancers, including breast, cervical, and uterine cancers, using data from studies published between 1998 and 2025.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive search of international databases identified 1,207 unique records, from which 23 studies were included, comprising both case-control and cohort designs. The studies, conducted across multiple countries, investigated GDM’s association with different types of cancers. Data were pooled and analyzed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were assessed.</p> Results <p>The meta-analysis revealed no significant association between GDM and breast cancer risk (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89–1.06), with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 70.21%). For cervical cancer, no significant association was found (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.76–1.10), with minimal heterogeneity (I² = 0.25%). Uterine cancer also showed no significant association with GDM (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.72–1.47). The analysis revealed consistent findings across different diagnostic methods for GDM and cancer, with no significant publication bias detected.</p> Conclusion <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis found no significant overall association between GDM and the risk of breast, cervical, or uterine cancers. However, variations across studies suggest that factors such as geographic region, study design, and diagnostic methods may influence the observed associations. Further research with larger, more homogeneous samples is needed to clarify the potential links between GDM and cancer risk.</p>

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The association between gestational diabetes mellitus and cancer in women: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月18日

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  • Kaiwan Mohammed Rostam Al-Jaf,
  • Ghobad Moradi,
  • Abbas Aghaei,
  • Farhad Moradpour,
  • Yousef Moradi

摘要

Background

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk of various cancers, including breast, cervical, and uterine cancers, using data from studies published between 1998 and 2025.

Methods

A comprehensive search of international databases identified 1,207 unique records, from which 23 studies were included, comprising both case-control and cohort designs. The studies, conducted across multiple countries, investigated GDM’s association with different types of cancers. Data were pooled and analyzed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were assessed.

Results

The meta-analysis revealed no significant association between GDM and breast cancer risk (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89–1.06), with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 70.21%). For cervical cancer, no significant association was found (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.76–1.10), with minimal heterogeneity (I² = 0.25%). Uterine cancer also showed no significant association with GDM (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.72–1.47). The analysis revealed consistent findings across different diagnostic methods for GDM and cancer, with no significant publication bias detected.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis found no significant overall association between GDM and the risk of breast, cervical, or uterine cancers. However, variations across studies suggest that factors such as geographic region, study design, and diagnostic methods may influence the observed associations. Further research with larger, more homogeneous samples is needed to clarify the potential links between GDM and cancer risk.