Objectives <p>The study investigates the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in resistin gene (RETN) with resistin level, insulin resistance, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in an early diagnosed type 2 diabetic population of Iran.</p> Methods <p>The total of 80 healthy subjects and 80 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. To ascertain the genotypes of rs1862513 and rs3745367, we performed the polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The genotyping of resistin rs10401670 was conducted a Tetra-arms amplification system. Resistin and insulin levels were also measured by the ELISA method. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software.</p> Results <p>Resistin level was increased significantly in patients with type 2 diabetes; a significant difference was seen in biochemical parameters between diabetic and non-diabetic group except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and insulin. We did not find statistically a significant association between type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] and resistin gene at SNP. However, rs3745367 exhibit a significant association with resistin level among individuals with diabetes. The serum resistin level exhibited a positive association level with body mass index, FPG and insulin resistance. Additionally, anegative correlation between resistin levels and age, as well as HDL-C was also revealed (P-value &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>No significant association was observed between the rs1862513, rs10401670, and rs3745367 polymorphisms, with the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. The serum resistin levels was positively correlated body with mass index, FPG and insulin resistance, but negatively correlated with HDL-C.</p>