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<p>The present study investigates the influence of tool rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of submerged seawater friction stir welded dissimilar AA6082 and AZ31-B alloy plates with a thickness of 4&#xa0;mm. Seawater was employed as the cooling medium because it enables rapid heat extraction under conditions relevant to marine and coastal fabrication, thereby improving control of the welding thermal cycle. Based on trial welding, tool rotational speeds of 1500, 1600, 1700, and 1800&#xa0;rpm were selected, while the tool traverse speed was maintained at 30&#xa0;mm/min. The results showed that the joint fabricated at 1700&#xa0;rpm exhibited the highest tensile strength of 140&#xa0;MPa, whereas the lowest tensile strength of 85&#xa0;MPa was obtained at 1500&#xa0;rpm. Macrostructural examination confirmed defect-free joints at 1700 and 1800&#xa0;rpm, attributed to adequate material flow and dynamic recrystallization. EBSD analysis revealed grain sizes of 4.12, 3.29, 2.91, and 2.18&#xa0;µm at 1500, 1600, 1700, and 1800&#xa0;rpm, respectively. The maximum stir zone hardness of 146 HV was recorded for the specimen welded at 1800&#xa0;rpm. These findings provide guidance for optimizing submerged seawater friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum-magnesium alloys for lightweight marine, shipbuilding, offshore, and other corrosion-prone engineering applications.</p>

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Effect of tool rotational speed on submerged seawater friction stir welded dissimilar AA6082-AZ31-B alloys

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • D. Kumaresh,
  • Venkatesan Subramani

摘要

The present study investigates the influence of tool rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of submerged seawater friction stir welded dissimilar AA6082 and AZ31-B alloy plates with a thickness of 4 mm. Seawater was employed as the cooling medium because it enables rapid heat extraction under conditions relevant to marine and coastal fabrication, thereby improving control of the welding thermal cycle. Based on trial welding, tool rotational speeds of 1500, 1600, 1700, and 1800 rpm were selected, while the tool traverse speed was maintained at 30 mm/min. The results showed that the joint fabricated at 1700 rpm exhibited the highest tensile strength of 140 MPa, whereas the lowest tensile strength of 85 MPa was obtained at 1500 rpm. Macrostructural examination confirmed defect-free joints at 1700 and 1800 rpm, attributed to adequate material flow and dynamic recrystallization. EBSD analysis revealed grain sizes of 4.12, 3.29, 2.91, and 2.18 µm at 1500, 1600, 1700, and 1800 rpm, respectively. The maximum stir zone hardness of 146 HV was recorded for the specimen welded at 1800 rpm. These findings provide guidance for optimizing submerged seawater friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum-magnesium alloys for lightweight marine, shipbuilding, offshore, and other corrosion-prone engineering applications.