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<p>Directed energy deposition-arc (DED-arc) enables the fabrication of large maraging steel components, yet its high heat input often results in suboptimal mechanical properties. This study investigates the effect of inter-layer temperature—150&#xa0;°C and 200&#xa0;°C—on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DED-arc-fabricated 18Ni350 maraging steel. Thin walls were deposited under the two temperature regimes, followed by comprehensive characterization of thermal history, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Results indicate that the lower inter-layer temperature of 150&#xa0;°C promotes faster cooling, leading to a finer grain structure, higher martensite content, and reduced retained austenite compared to 200&#xa0;°C. These microstructural refinements contribute directly to enhanced mechanical properties, including higher average microhardness (369 HV vs. 341 HV) and superior tensile performance. The 150&#xa0;°C condition achieves a vertical tensile strength of 1267&#xa0;MPa with 14.2% elongation and a horizontal strength of 1200&#xa0;MPa with 14.9% elongation, outperforming the 200&#xa0;°C condition (1229&#xa0;MPa, 7.9% vertically; 1076&#xa0;MPa, 11.9% horizontally). The work demonstrates that controlling inter-layer temperature near the martensite start temperature effectively optimizes microstructure and achieves an excellent strength–ductility balance in DED-arc produced maraging steel.</p>

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Controlling microstructure and mechanical properties of directed energy deposition-arc fabricated 18Ni-350 maraging steel through inter-layer temperature adjustment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Hong Li,
  • Qizhu Yan,
  • Erika Hodúlová,
  • Longfei Song,
  • Xiaoyong Zhang,
  • Zhuoxin Li,
  • Yipeng Wang

摘要

Directed energy deposition-arc (DED-arc) enables the fabrication of large maraging steel components, yet its high heat input often results in suboptimal mechanical properties. This study investigates the effect of inter-layer temperature—150 °C and 200 °C—on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DED-arc-fabricated 18Ni350 maraging steel. Thin walls were deposited under the two temperature regimes, followed by comprehensive characterization of thermal history, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Results indicate that the lower inter-layer temperature of 150 °C promotes faster cooling, leading to a finer grain structure, higher martensite content, and reduced retained austenite compared to 200 °C. These microstructural refinements contribute directly to enhanced mechanical properties, including higher average microhardness (369 HV vs. 341 HV) and superior tensile performance. The 150 °C condition achieves a vertical tensile strength of 1267 MPa with 14.2% elongation and a horizontal strength of 1200 MPa with 14.9% elongation, outperforming the 200 °C condition (1229 MPa, 7.9% vertically; 1076 MPa, 11.9% horizontally). The work demonstrates that controlling inter-layer temperature near the martensite start temperature effectively optimizes microstructure and achieves an excellent strength–ductility balance in DED-arc produced maraging steel.