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<p>In the industrial electrolytic refining of copper, the geometric stability of cathode plates directly affects the current distribution and the quality of copper deposition. Warping of steel cathode plates caused by welding may not only induce local short circuits in the electrolytic cell, but also reduce current efficiency and accelerate equipment wear. This study focuses on the connection structure between 316L stainless steel cathode plates and conductive bars. Four laser welding paths were designed, and thermomechanical finite element simulations were conducted to systematically analyze the temperature field distribution, residual stress characteristics, and deformation behavior under different welding processes. The results indicate that the post-weld residual stress is mainly concentrated in the weld and its adjacent regions, and under the same laser beam parameters, the stress distribution pattern is generally consistent across different welding sequences. In comparison, dual-laser beam welding in the same direction can significantly reduce the overall warpage of the cathode plate, achieving more effective stress relief. Electrolytic experiments further confirm that cathode plates welded with the optimized process exhibit uniform copper deposition without particle agglomeration or inclusion defects, a short circuit rate of only 10.63%, and a high current efficiency of 96.96%.</p>

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Analysis and optimization of the residual stress and deformation in the laser welding for stainless steel cathode plate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Ying Ruan,
  • Xiaozhong Xing,
  • Dezhen Zhang,
  • Xiaoquan Yu,
  • Rui Xiang,
  • Jiankang Huang,
  • Ding Fan

摘要

In the industrial electrolytic refining of copper, the geometric stability of cathode plates directly affects the current distribution and the quality of copper deposition. Warping of steel cathode plates caused by welding may not only induce local short circuits in the electrolytic cell, but also reduce current efficiency and accelerate equipment wear. This study focuses on the connection structure between 316L stainless steel cathode plates and conductive bars. Four laser welding paths were designed, and thermomechanical finite element simulations were conducted to systematically analyze the temperature field distribution, residual stress characteristics, and deformation behavior under different welding processes. The results indicate that the post-weld residual stress is mainly concentrated in the weld and its adjacent regions, and under the same laser beam parameters, the stress distribution pattern is generally consistent across different welding sequences. In comparison, dual-laser beam welding in the same direction can significantly reduce the overall warpage of the cathode plate, achieving more effective stress relief. Electrolytic experiments further confirm that cathode plates welded with the optimized process exhibit uniform copper deposition without particle agglomeration or inclusion defects, a short circuit rate of only 10.63%, and a high current efficiency of 96.96%.