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<p>The mechanical performance of low-carbon steel might be prone to improvement when seeking enhanced tribological properties through hard facing. Although the incorporation of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) has been proposed as a reinforcement strategy, its specific impact on conventional steels such as A36 remains underexplored. In this study, CNMs synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using benzene and hexane as precursors were incorporated into the weld bead of A36 steel through the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful presence and integration of the nanomaterials within the fusion zone, regardless of the precursor used. Microhardness testing revealed significant improvements in the reinforced samples, with hardness increases exceeding 70% compared to the unreinforced welded specimen. These results highlight the positive effect of CNM incorporation on the localized mechanical resistance of the weld bead, enhancing surface strength. The findings open new possibilities for the use of carbon nanomaterials as reinforcing agents to improve wear resistance and structural durability in industrial applications.</p>

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Influence of carbon nanomaterials on the microstructure and hardness of arc welded A36 steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • José de Jesús Contreras-Navarrete,
  • Víctor Hugo Baltazar-Hernández,
  • Francisco Reyes-Calderón,
  • Lada Domratcheva-Lvova

摘要

The mechanical performance of low-carbon steel might be prone to improvement when seeking enhanced tribological properties through hard facing. Although the incorporation of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) has been proposed as a reinforcement strategy, its specific impact on conventional steels such as A36 remains underexplored. In this study, CNMs synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using benzene and hexane as precursors were incorporated into the weld bead of A36 steel through the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful presence and integration of the nanomaterials within the fusion zone, regardless of the precursor used. Microhardness testing revealed significant improvements in the reinforced samples, with hardness increases exceeding 70% compared to the unreinforced welded specimen. These results highlight the positive effect of CNM incorporation on the localized mechanical resistance of the weld bead, enhancing surface strength. The findings open new possibilities for the use of carbon nanomaterials as reinforcing agents to improve wear resistance and structural durability in industrial applications.