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<p>FeCoNiCrAl high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were fabricated on the surface of 9Cr18 bearing steel using laser cladding technology. A total of nine experiments were conducted based on an L9(3<sup>4</sup>) orthogonal array with three selected factors at three levels. Range analysis and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis were employed to investigate the effects of laser power, scanning speed, and powder feed rate on microhardness and dilution rate. Cross-sectional defects were observed using a super-depth-of-field microscope. The microstructure, crystallographic orientation, and elemental distribution of the cladding layers were systematically characterized by metallographic analysis, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the powder feed rate had the most significant effect on microhardness. The maximum microhardness of 597.86 HV was achieved under the condition of 1.3 r/min powder feed rate, 6&#xa0;mm/s scanning speed, and 2100 W laser power. Scanning speed was the dominant factor affecting dilution rate, which reached a minimum of 28% at 1.3 r/min powder feed rate, 5&#xa0;mm/s scanning speed, and 1800 W laser power. The cladding layer exhibited a gradient microstructure, with equiaxed grains in the upper region, mixed grains in the middle, and fine columnar grains near the substrate. EBSD analysis revealed that the cladding layer was mainly composed of a BCC phase, while the heat-affected zone (HAZ) consisted primarily of an FCC phase. A local BCC/FCC mixed-phase region was also observed, which may increase the risk of stress concentration.</p>

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Microstructure and properties of FeCoNiCrAl high-entropy alloy coatings formed by laser cladding on 9Cr18 bearing steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Yuanpeng Liu,
  • Longxin Zhu,
  • Xinyu Hu,
  • Guang Zeng,
  • Xubin Wang,
  • Zhenghe Wang,
  • Shunxin Liu,
  • Yifeng Chen

摘要

FeCoNiCrAl high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were fabricated on the surface of 9Cr18 bearing steel using laser cladding technology. A total of nine experiments were conducted based on an L9(34) orthogonal array with three selected factors at three levels. Range analysis and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis were employed to investigate the effects of laser power, scanning speed, and powder feed rate on microhardness and dilution rate. Cross-sectional defects were observed using a super-depth-of-field microscope. The microstructure, crystallographic orientation, and elemental distribution of the cladding layers were systematically characterized by metallographic analysis, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the powder feed rate had the most significant effect on microhardness. The maximum microhardness of 597.86 HV was achieved under the condition of 1.3 r/min powder feed rate, 6 mm/s scanning speed, and 2100 W laser power. Scanning speed was the dominant factor affecting dilution rate, which reached a minimum of 28% at 1.3 r/min powder feed rate, 5 mm/s scanning speed, and 1800 W laser power. The cladding layer exhibited a gradient microstructure, with equiaxed grains in the upper region, mixed grains in the middle, and fine columnar grains near the substrate. EBSD analysis revealed that the cladding layer was mainly composed of a BCC phase, while the heat-affected zone (HAZ) consisted primarily of an FCC phase. A local BCC/FCC mixed-phase region was also observed, which may increase the risk of stress concentration.