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<p>The molecular hydrogen, found in high-temperature process fluids used in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants, dissociates into its atomic form, entering and diffusing through the steel materials of equipment and piping. The atomic hydrogen then reacts with the dissolved carbon to form methane gas inside the steel, causing decarburization, fissuring, and eventually cracking along the prior austenite grain boundaries. This phenomenon, known as high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA), refers to the damage caused by hydrogen reacting with carbon in steel, leading to structural weaknesses such as decarburization and fissuring. However, the resulting mechanical properties are unclear, indicating a need for further research to fully understand the implications. We simulated HTHA damage progression under operating conditions using 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel plates with different contents of the impurity element antimony (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Sb\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Sb</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) in the base metal (BM) to assess its impact on material integrity. Our results revealed that microstructural damage, particularly intergranular microcracks in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welded joints, is significantly influenced by the antimony content in the BM, which correlates with reduced tensile strength and ductility. These findings provide valuable insights for improving material selection and design in petroleum refineries and petrochemical applications, potentially enhancing safety and reliability under the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen service.</p>

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Accelerated hydrogen attack test of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel welds for remaining life assessment for oil refinery pressure vessel application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Akitada Yasutomi,
  • Yuta Honma,
  • Gen Sasaki,
  • Mitsuru Ohata

摘要

The molecular hydrogen, found in high-temperature process fluids used in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants, dissociates into its atomic form, entering and diffusing through the steel materials of equipment and piping. The atomic hydrogen then reacts with the dissolved carbon to form methane gas inside the steel, causing decarburization, fissuring, and eventually cracking along the prior austenite grain boundaries. This phenomenon, known as high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA), refers to the damage caused by hydrogen reacting with carbon in steel, leading to structural weaknesses such as decarburization and fissuring. However, the resulting mechanical properties are unclear, indicating a need for further research to fully understand the implications. We simulated HTHA damage progression under operating conditions using 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel plates with different contents of the impurity element antimony ( \(Sb\) Sb ) in the base metal (BM) to assess its impact on material integrity. Our results revealed that microstructural damage, particularly intergranular microcracks in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welded joints, is significantly influenced by the antimony content in the BM, which correlates with reduced tensile strength and ductility. These findings provide valuable insights for improving material selection and design in petroleum refineries and petrochemical applications, potentially enhancing safety and reliability under the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen service.