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Background <p>Emerging evidence indicates that genetic factors and their products (RNA and proteins) contribute to susceptibility to dental caries and associated bacterial infections. Elucidating the molecular pathways involved may support improved preventive and therapeutic strategies.</p> Objective <p>This systematic review aimed to evaluate genomic and proteomic factors, particularly those related to specific cellular pathways, associated with the risk of developing dental caries.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published up to January 2024. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Methodological quality was assessed using QUIN, NIH, and Q-Genie appraisal tools. Gene Ontology (GO) and STRING databases were applied to analyze biological pathways and protein–protein interactions.</p> Results <p>A total of 161 genes were identified as potentially associated with dental caries susceptibility. Frequently reported genes included ENAM, AMELX, DEFB1, TAS1R2, CA6, and VDR. These genes are involved in enamel formation, salivary protein secretion, immune response, taste perception, calcium metabolism, and collagen synthesis. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment in processes essential for tooth development and enamel formation, including Extracellular Matrix Organization, ERK signaling, and GPCR signaling pathways. Gene Ontology analysis further highlighted biological processes such as biomineral tissue development and odontogenesis.</p> Conclusion <p>This review provides an integrated overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying dental caries susceptibility. The findings enhance understanding of the genetic and proteomic basis of caries development and may guide future research and targeted preventive or therapeutic approaches.</p>

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Molecular Architects of Dental Caries: Genes, Proteins, and Cellular Pathway Perspectives: A Systematic Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Reza Yazdani,
  • Nooshin Mohtasham,
  • Hamideh Sadat Mohammadipour,
  • Masoumeh Sadeghi,
  • Farnaz Mohajertehran

摘要

Background

Emerging evidence indicates that genetic factors and their products (RNA and proteins) contribute to susceptibility to dental caries and associated bacterial infections. Elucidating the molecular pathways involved may support improved preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to evaluate genomic and proteomic factors, particularly those related to specific cellular pathways, associated with the risk of developing dental caries.

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published up to January 2024. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Methodological quality was assessed using QUIN, NIH, and Q-Genie appraisal tools. Gene Ontology (GO) and STRING databases were applied to analyze biological pathways and protein–protein interactions.

Results

A total of 161 genes were identified as potentially associated with dental caries susceptibility. Frequently reported genes included ENAM, AMELX, DEFB1, TAS1R2, CA6, and VDR. These genes are involved in enamel formation, salivary protein secretion, immune response, taste perception, calcium metabolism, and collagen synthesis. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment in processes essential for tooth development and enamel formation, including Extracellular Matrix Organization, ERK signaling, and GPCR signaling pathways. Gene Ontology analysis further highlighted biological processes such as biomineral tissue development and odontogenesis.

Conclusion

This review provides an integrated overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying dental caries susceptibility. The findings enhance understanding of the genetic and proteomic basis of caries development and may guide future research and targeted preventive or therapeutic approaches.