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Purpose and of the Review <p>Surface electromyography (EMG) has been a fundamental technology for upper limb prosthetic control since the 1970s, leveraging muscle electrical activity to drive prosthetic function. </p> Summary of the Review <p>Originating from biomedical electrical detection methods like electrocardiography (EKG) and electroencephalography (EEG), EMG evolved from simple switching mechanisms to sophisticated proportional and pattern recognition control systems. International research efforts, particularly from Germany, the UK, the USSR, Canada, and the US, have significantly shaped myoelectric prosthesis development. Early models were hindered by bulky electronics, but advancements in battery technology and signal processing facilitated self-contained, mobile prostheses. Innovations such as co-contraction control, time-proportional control, and threshold differentiation have enhanced EMG signal processing.</p> Recent Findings <p>Recent breakthroughs, including targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) and percutaneous electrode implants, offer improved prosthetic control. Challenges remain in signal variability, noise reduction, and electrode optimization. Future developments in neural interfaces and multimodal input technologies promise more intuitive, adaptive prosthetic solutions, improving amputee quality of life.</p>

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Clinical Overview of EMG Control for Upper Limb Prosthetic Devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Jeremy Farley,
  • Gerald Stark

摘要

Purpose and of the Review

Surface electromyography (EMG) has been a fundamental technology for upper limb prosthetic control since the 1970s, leveraging muscle electrical activity to drive prosthetic function.

Summary of the Review

Originating from biomedical electrical detection methods like electrocardiography (EKG) and electroencephalography (EEG), EMG evolved from simple switching mechanisms to sophisticated proportional and pattern recognition control systems. International research efforts, particularly from Germany, the UK, the USSR, Canada, and the US, have significantly shaped myoelectric prosthesis development. Early models were hindered by bulky electronics, but advancements in battery technology and signal processing facilitated self-contained, mobile prostheses. Innovations such as co-contraction control, time-proportional control, and threshold differentiation have enhanced EMG signal processing.

Recent Findings

Recent breakthroughs, including targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) and percutaneous electrode implants, offer improved prosthetic control. Challenges remain in signal variability, noise reduction, and electrode optimization. Future developments in neural interfaces and multimodal input technologies promise more intuitive, adaptive prosthetic solutions, improving amputee quality of life.