Advanced Respiratory Monitoring in the Perioperative Setting

This narrative review explores the technical principles and evidence supporting the use of advanced respiratory monitoring tools in the perioperative setting to enhance patient care. We aim to identify which patients benefit most from these technologies during major surgeries.

Advanced monitoring techniques, such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT), esophageal pressure (P_es) monitoring, and lung ultrasound (LUS), provide detailed insights into lung mechanics and function. Recent studies indicate these tools can optimize ventilation strategies by individualizing the lung protective ventilation, particularly in high-risk patients.

While these tools can help to improve intraoperative respiratory mechanics and oxygenation, further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm their impact on patient-centered outcomes.