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Purpose of review <p>This review summarizes the major laryngoscopy techniques used for endotracheal intubation, compares their performance in routine and difficult airways, and highlights ongoing innovation and future directions in airway management.</p> Recent findings <p>Recent evidence suggests that the use of video laryngoscopy (VL) can improve first-pass success, glottic visualization, and complication rates when compared to direct laryngoscopy, particularly in difficult airways, including obese patients in emergent settings. Adjuncts such as stylets and bougies further improve outcomes. Fiberoptic devices remain essential for awake intubation when spontaneous ventilation must be preserved, whereas mirror laryngoscopy remains primarily diagnostic. New areas of inquiry include AI-assisted airway prediction, single-use versus reusable blade cost and infection risk, and low-cost / 3-D-printed VL devices in resource-limited settings.</p> Summary <p>Video laryngoscopy has surpassed direct laryngoscopy as the preferred technique for most high-risk scenarios, though DL remains widely used and effective for most routine cases. Future research should be directed towards the studies of device access, cost-effectiveness, standardized blade selection, AI integration, and the validation of emerging affordable VL platforms.</p>

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Recent Advances in Direct and Video Laryngoscopy for the Emergency Physician

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Timothy Chalom,
  • Alexander Sonaglia,
  • Kalyyanee Nanaaware,
  • Mark Sprague,
  • Michael Mason,
  • James H. Paxton

摘要

Purpose of review

This review summarizes the major laryngoscopy techniques used for endotracheal intubation, compares their performance in routine and difficult airways, and highlights ongoing innovation and future directions in airway management.

Recent findings

Recent evidence suggests that the use of video laryngoscopy (VL) can improve first-pass success, glottic visualization, and complication rates when compared to direct laryngoscopy, particularly in difficult airways, including obese patients in emergent settings. Adjuncts such as stylets and bougies further improve outcomes. Fiberoptic devices remain essential for awake intubation when spontaneous ventilation must be preserved, whereas mirror laryngoscopy remains primarily diagnostic. New areas of inquiry include AI-assisted airway prediction, single-use versus reusable blade cost and infection risk, and low-cost / 3-D-printed VL devices in resource-limited settings.

Summary

Video laryngoscopy has surpassed direct laryngoscopy as the preferred technique for most high-risk scenarios, though DL remains widely used and effective for most routine cases. Future research should be directed towards the studies of device access, cost-effectiveness, standardized blade selection, AI integration, and the validation of emerging affordable VL platforms.