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Purpose of Review <p>In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), pediatric neurologic emergencies such as seizures, status epilepticus (SE), meningitis, encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and pediatric stroke represent important causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this narrative review is to investigate the diagnostic difficulties, therapeutic gaps, and epidemiologic burden associated with pediatric neurologic crises in LMICs. We performed a structured narrative review using SANRA quality criteria to investigate acute neurological emergencies of children in low-resource settings. We reviewed regional and global data, published guidelines, and new pediatric neurology interventions relevant to children in LMICs for the following subject areas: Seizures/status epilepticus, meningitis/encephalitis, coma, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and raised intracranial pressure.</p> Recent Findings <p>Because of delayed diagnoses and limited available treatments found in low-resource settings, conditions like SE and TBI are associated with a significantly greater death rate in LMICs. In the absence of neuroimaging, diagnostic alternatives such as biomarker testing, portable ultrasound, and bedside neurologic scores provide affordable, alternative diagnostic solutions. Additionally, community-based care approaches, inexpensive antiepileptic medications (AEDs), and empirical management procedures are associated with improved survival rates.</p> Summary <p>In LMICs, pediatric neurological emergencies require an integrative approach that includes the following interventions: Digital health tools, pharmaceutical protocol optimizing point-of-care diagnostics development, and clinical education. Prioritization of long-term solutions that reduce neurological disability and mortality in vulnerable pediatric populations, promote workforce development, enhance fair distribution of resources, and encourage global policy engagement is essential.</p>

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Pediatric Neurologic Emergencies in Resource-Limited Settings: A Clinical Framework and Guidance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Mohammed Alsabri,
  • Emma Cravo,
  • Chibuike Daniel Onyejesi,
  • Louna Abouainain,
  • Eslam Abady,
  • Vincent Tsoi,
  • Ammarah TariQ,
  • Sohaila Abdelbar

摘要

Purpose of Review

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), pediatric neurologic emergencies such as seizures, status epilepticus (SE), meningitis, encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and pediatric stroke represent important causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this narrative review is to investigate the diagnostic difficulties, therapeutic gaps, and epidemiologic burden associated with pediatric neurologic crises in LMICs. We performed a structured narrative review using SANRA quality criteria to investigate acute neurological emergencies of children in low-resource settings. We reviewed regional and global data, published guidelines, and new pediatric neurology interventions relevant to children in LMICs for the following subject areas: Seizures/status epilepticus, meningitis/encephalitis, coma, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and raised intracranial pressure.

Recent Findings

Because of delayed diagnoses and limited available treatments found in low-resource settings, conditions like SE and TBI are associated with a significantly greater death rate in LMICs. In the absence of neuroimaging, diagnostic alternatives such as biomarker testing, portable ultrasound, and bedside neurologic scores provide affordable, alternative diagnostic solutions. Additionally, community-based care approaches, inexpensive antiepileptic medications (AEDs), and empirical management procedures are associated with improved survival rates.

Summary

In LMICs, pediatric neurological emergencies require an integrative approach that includes the following interventions: Digital health tools, pharmaceutical protocol optimizing point-of-care diagnostics development, and clinical education. Prioritization of long-term solutions that reduce neurological disability and mortality in vulnerable pediatric populations, promote workforce development, enhance fair distribution of resources, and encourage global policy engagement is essential.