Purpose of Review <p>Leadership has been identified as a key non-technical skill (NTS) vital to the development of surgical trainees. This review explores leadership training in surgical education as part of professional development. In particular, the review considers the evolution of leadership training models, specific leadership skills, current curriculum approaches, and challenges in training.</p> Recent Findings <p>Leadership is an integral component of professional development interconnected with communication, teamwork, professionalism, emotional intelligence, healthcare business and practice management. Needs assessments have identified a host of competencies important to the development of surgeon leaders. Curriculum methodologies and design examples are widely variable. While leadership training is recognized as important in surgical education, implementation faces challenges including lack of formal training, limited long-term outcome data, and resource constraints.</p> Summary <p>These studies reinforce the importance of integrating leadership training into surgical education to better prepare residents for the complexities of modern practice. Training strategies can be implemented within existing surgical education programs to help surgical trainees develop leadership skills prior to entering practice.&#xa0;</p>