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Purpose of Review: <p>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings. This review summarizes the evolving International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity guidelines and synthesizes recent advances in ROP screening, imaging, diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment.</p> Recent findings: <p>Screening is required for premature infants less than 30 weeks gestation or less than 1500 g birth weight. Recently, some centers are moving to screening guidelines based on predictive models that allow fewer infants to be screened while maintaining high sensitivity. Telemedicine has expanded ophthalmic access and retinal image documentation. Widespread imaging has set the stage for artificial intelligence-based diagnostic tools, such as the i-ROP Deep Learning system, which has been granted breakthrough status by the FDA. Imaging modalities such as fluorescein angiography, color doppler imaging, and laser speckle contrast imaging offer improved understanding of retinal blood flow, with the potential to guide clinical management. Laser photocoagulation and anti-angiogenesis therapy have demonstrated efficacy in treating ROP. For the most advanced stages of ROP that involve retinal detachment, lens-sparing vitrectomy, vitrectomy with scleral buckle, small-gauge instrumentation, and intraoperative optical coherence tomography have emerged as key surgical innovations.</p> Summary: <p>Together, these advances signify a new era in ROP care, integrating imaging, artificial intelligence, and enhanced surgical techniques to improve vision outcomes.</p>

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Advances in the Management and Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Jason Zhou,
  • Jerry Bohlen,
  • Erica Lee,
  • Susanna Yau,
  • Moran R. Levin,
  • Janet Leath Alexander

摘要

Purpose of Review:

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide, particularly in resource-limited settings. This review summarizes the evolving International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity guidelines and synthesizes recent advances in ROP screening, imaging, diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment.

Recent findings:

Screening is required for premature infants less than 30 weeks gestation or less than 1500 g birth weight. Recently, some centers are moving to screening guidelines based on predictive models that allow fewer infants to be screened while maintaining high sensitivity. Telemedicine has expanded ophthalmic access and retinal image documentation. Widespread imaging has set the stage for artificial intelligence-based diagnostic tools, such as the i-ROP Deep Learning system, which has been granted breakthrough status by the FDA. Imaging modalities such as fluorescein angiography, color doppler imaging, and laser speckle contrast imaging offer improved understanding of retinal blood flow, with the potential to guide clinical management. Laser photocoagulation and anti-angiogenesis therapy have demonstrated efficacy in treating ROP. For the most advanced stages of ROP that involve retinal detachment, lens-sparing vitrectomy, vitrectomy with scleral buckle, small-gauge instrumentation, and intraoperative optical coherence tomography have emerged as key surgical innovations.

Summary:

Together, these advances signify a new era in ROP care, integrating imaging, artificial intelligence, and enhanced surgical techniques to improve vision outcomes.