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Purpose of review <p>Evidence indicates that plant-based diets (PBDs) offer health benefits such as improved cardiovascular outcomes, lower cancer mortality, reduced excess weight, and decreased inflammation. This review examines whether PBDs also benefit surgical and critically ill patients.</p> Recent findings <p>Studies show that PBDs reduce systemic inflammation, with lower IL-6 and CRP levels, while boosting the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acid production, vital for maintaining gut integrity and reducing complications like sepsis and organ failure. Adopting PBDs before surgery may optimize metabolic health by reducing hyperglycemia, improving insulin sensitivity, and mitigating obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease—conditions linked to worse surgical outcomes.</p> Summary <p>Overall, the anti-inflammatory properties, high fiber content, and diverse micronutrients in PBDs may help enhance recovery. Future research should standardize definitions of PBDs, explore their effects across different patient populations, and determine ideal compositions for specific clinical scenarios, potentially further positioning PBDs as a valuable nutritional strategy for surgical and critically ill patients.</p>

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Implications of a Plant-Based Diet in the Surgical and Critically Ill Patient

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月14日

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  • Brody A. Smith,
  • Thomas J. Herron,
  • Sandra M. Farach

摘要

Purpose of review

Evidence indicates that plant-based diets (PBDs) offer health benefits such as improved cardiovascular outcomes, lower cancer mortality, reduced excess weight, and decreased inflammation. This review examines whether PBDs also benefit surgical and critically ill patients.

Recent findings

Studies show that PBDs reduce systemic inflammation, with lower IL-6 and CRP levels, while boosting the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acid production, vital for maintaining gut integrity and reducing complications like sepsis and organ failure. Adopting PBDs before surgery may optimize metabolic health by reducing hyperglycemia, improving insulin sensitivity, and mitigating obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease—conditions linked to worse surgical outcomes.

Summary

Overall, the anti-inflammatory properties, high fiber content, and diverse micronutrients in PBDs may help enhance recovery. Future research should standardize definitions of PBDs, explore their effects across different patient populations, and determine ideal compositions for specific clinical scenarios, potentially further positioning PBDs as a valuable nutritional strategy for surgical and critically ill patients.