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Purpose of review <p>In this article, we summarize the pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, current management, and emerging therapeutic strategies for conjunctival melanoma (CM).</p> Recent findings <p>CM is a deadly disease with rising global incidence. Key mutations, including BRAF, NF1, and TERT, play crucial roles in CM pathogenesis and may serve as targets for therapy. Advanced imaging and histopathological analysis have improved early detection and prognostic assessment. Treatment depends on tumor stage and includes surgical excision with adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or orbital exenteration in advanced cases. Systemic workup is always indicated. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, successful in cutaneous melanoma, show promise in CM based off early studies, although more research is needed to confirm their benefit.</p> Summary <p>CM remains a significant clinical challenge and requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Incorporating genetic profiling and targeted therapies is crucial to improving patient outcomes.</p>

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Emerging Techniques in the Treatment of Conjunctival Melanoma

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • Wendy J. Li,
  • Nandini Venkateswaran,
  • Michael Antonietti,
  • Sana Qureshi,
  • Anat Galor,
  • Carol L. Karp

摘要

Purpose of review

In this article, we summarize the pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, current management, and emerging therapeutic strategies for conjunctival melanoma (CM).

Recent findings

CM is a deadly disease with rising global incidence. Key mutations, including BRAF, NF1, and TERT, play crucial roles in CM pathogenesis and may serve as targets for therapy. Advanced imaging and histopathological analysis have improved early detection and prognostic assessment. Treatment depends on tumor stage and includes surgical excision with adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or orbital exenteration in advanced cases. Systemic workup is always indicated. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, successful in cutaneous melanoma, show promise in CM based off early studies, although more research is needed to confirm their benefit.

Summary

CM remains a significant clinical challenge and requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Incorporating genetic profiling and targeted therapies is crucial to improving patient outcomes.