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<p>The complex interaction between groundwater and rock mass is a critical factor controlling the stability of surrounding rock in coral reef limestone underground caverns. An evaluation framework based on hydro-mechanical coupling theory is established for the excavation stability of coral reef limestone caverns, and a multi-strata excavation model incorporating hydro-mechanical coupling is constructed for CRL cavern analysis. The displacement and zone safety index are selected as stability evaluation indexes; the influence of stratigraphic distribution and groundwater level on the stability of cavern excavation is systematically analyzed. Results show that the established model can accurately evaluate the stability of coral reef limestone caverns under seepage conditions. Neglecting hydro-mechanical coupling leads to an overestimation of cavern safety by over 40%. As excavation depth increases, surrounding rock stability initially decreases then increases, the dominant factor causing potential failure gradually shifts from depth effects to the mechanical properties of the rock mass. The average safety index of the cavern increases by 10%-15% for every 10&#xa0;m drop in water level. This work overcomes the limitations of traditional stability evaluation methods for reef limestone caverns, which fail to accurately capture the surrounding rock response under seepage conditions. It provides a reliable stability assessment framework, site selection guidance, and a theoretical basis for underground engineering on coral reef islands with complex geological conditions.</p>

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Stability Evaluation of Coral Reef Limestone Caverns: A Coupled Hydro-mechanical Model with Multi-strata Safety Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Jiasheng Li,
  • Baifeng Ji,
  • Dengkun Sun,
  • Longya Zhang,
  • Dongsheng Xu,
  • Kaimeng Hu,
  • Aolin Wu,
  • Ruize Ma

摘要

The complex interaction between groundwater and rock mass is a critical factor controlling the stability of surrounding rock in coral reef limestone underground caverns. An evaluation framework based on hydro-mechanical coupling theory is established for the excavation stability of coral reef limestone caverns, and a multi-strata excavation model incorporating hydro-mechanical coupling is constructed for CRL cavern analysis. The displacement and zone safety index are selected as stability evaluation indexes; the influence of stratigraphic distribution and groundwater level on the stability of cavern excavation is systematically analyzed. Results show that the established model can accurately evaluate the stability of coral reef limestone caverns under seepage conditions. Neglecting hydro-mechanical coupling leads to an overestimation of cavern safety by over 40%. As excavation depth increases, surrounding rock stability initially decreases then increases, the dominant factor causing potential failure gradually shifts from depth effects to the mechanical properties of the rock mass. The average safety index of the cavern increases by 10%-15% for every 10 m drop in water level. This work overcomes the limitations of traditional stability evaluation methods for reef limestone caverns, which fail to accurately capture the surrounding rock response under seepage conditions. It provides a reliable stability assessment framework, site selection guidance, and a theoretical basis for underground engineering on coral reef islands with complex geological conditions.