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<p>Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil (BCS) with Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) is an effective waste-to-value strategy for sustainable waste management. A previous study has shown that incorporating IOT can considerably increase the strength properties of BCS. However, the potential leaching of heavy metals from stabilized soils remains a major environmental problem. The study aims to stabilize BCS by synthesizing Calcinated IOT (CIOT)-based geopolymer using equal proportions of sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) and 10&#xa0;M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at an activator-to-binder ratio of 0.5. The Leachate Column Test (LCT) is used to assess the hydraulic conductivity (HC) and heavy metal leaching behavior of BCS specimens stabilized with IOT, CIOT, and CIOT-based geopolymers. Leachate samples were collected at various curing durations of 7, 14, 28, 60, and 90&#xa0;days, and heavy metal concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The experimental results showed that CIOT-based geopolymer-treated soil had much lower HC than soils stabilized with IOT and CIOT alone. Furthermore, the geopolymerized matrix formed a denser microstructure, effectively immobilizing heavy metals within the stabilized specimens. Heavy metal concentrations, including Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Sr, were determined to be within the acceptable levels set by USEPA, WHO, and BIS guidelines. As a result, the findings indicate that CIOT-based geopolymer stabilization is an effective and environmentally friendly ground improvement approach that promotes circular economy principles by making good use of industrial waste materials.</p>

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Performance Evaluation of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Calcinated Iron Ore Tailing-Based Geopolymer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Lunavath Reddy,
  • Sudheer Kumar Yamsani

摘要

Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil (BCS) with Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) is an effective waste-to-value strategy for sustainable waste management. A previous study has shown that incorporating IOT can considerably increase the strength properties of BCS. However, the potential leaching of heavy metals from stabilized soils remains a major environmental problem. The study aims to stabilize BCS by synthesizing Calcinated IOT (CIOT)-based geopolymer using equal proportions of sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) and 10 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at an activator-to-binder ratio of 0.5. The Leachate Column Test (LCT) is used to assess the hydraulic conductivity (HC) and heavy metal leaching behavior of BCS specimens stabilized with IOT, CIOT, and CIOT-based geopolymers. Leachate samples were collected at various curing durations of 7, 14, 28, 60, and 90 days, and heavy metal concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The experimental results showed that CIOT-based geopolymer-treated soil had much lower HC than soils stabilized with IOT and CIOT alone. Furthermore, the geopolymerized matrix formed a denser microstructure, effectively immobilizing heavy metals within the stabilized specimens. Heavy metal concentrations, including Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Sr, were determined to be within the acceptable levels set by USEPA, WHO, and BIS guidelines. As a result, the findings indicate that CIOT-based geopolymer stabilization is an effective and environmentally friendly ground improvement approach that promotes circular economy principles by making good use of industrial waste materials.