<p>Inclined piles are widely used in geotechnical engineering to resist tensile forces induced by buoyancy effects, overturning moments, and lateral actions from wind, wave, and seismic loading. Although their effectiveness in enhancing pull-out resistance is well recognized, the axial pull-out behaviour of inclined piles in sand remains challenging to predict because of complex soil–pile interactions and divergent observations reported in the literature. This paper presents a comprehensive review of experimental, analytical, and numerical studies on the axial pull-out capacity of inclined piles in sand. Key influencing parameters—including inclination angle, embedment ratio, pile geometry, soil relative density, and interface characteristics—are critically examined. Emphasis is placed on identifying the sources of discrepancies in previous studies and synthesizing consistent, evidence-based conclusions regarding the behaviour of inclined piles under pull-out loading. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research aimed at further improving understanding and facilitating the effective application of inclined piles in modern geotechnical engineering practice.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Critical Review of Axial Pull-Out Capacity of Inclined Piles: Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

  • Himanshu Saurav,
  • Sumeet Kumar Sinha

摘要

Inclined piles are widely used in geotechnical engineering to resist tensile forces induced by buoyancy effects, overturning moments, and lateral actions from wind, wave, and seismic loading. Although their effectiveness in enhancing pull-out resistance is well recognized, the axial pull-out behaviour of inclined piles in sand remains challenging to predict because of complex soil–pile interactions and divergent observations reported in the literature. This paper presents a comprehensive review of experimental, analytical, and numerical studies on the axial pull-out capacity of inclined piles in sand. Key influencing parameters—including inclination angle, embedment ratio, pile geometry, soil relative density, and interface characteristics—are critically examined. Emphasis is placed on identifying the sources of discrepancies in previous studies and synthesizing consistent, evidence-based conclusions regarding the behaviour of inclined piles under pull-out loading. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research aimed at further improving understanding and facilitating the effective application of inclined piles in modern geotechnical engineering practice.