<p>Localized scouring at monopile foundations is one of the major technical challenges hindering offshore wind projects. Scour, by lowering the structural capacity, is a direct threat to turbine safety and the long-term performance. A review of the latest developments in this area is presented in this paper. It first looks at how the combined action of waves and currents affects the pile flow field and explains in detail the formation of horseshoe and wake vortices and how they move the sediment. Next, the article goes into seabed liquefaction due to waves and its effect on scour. Then, it considers the impact of localized scour on the deformation and dynamic response of monopiles. At last, it gives an account of the main methods of scour monitoring such as those using mechanical, acoustic, optical, electromagnetic waves, and vibration frequency techniques, and it also gives a short description of the makeup and working of scour monitoring systems for single-pile foundations in offshore wind farms. The purpose of this paper is to provide technical support for the scour monitoring of offshore wind power single pile foundation and ensure the safe and stable operation of wind power facilities.</p>