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<p>Montmorillonite-rich expansive soils undergo significant volume changes with moisture fluctuations, presenting critical challenges to the design and durability of engineered infrastructure. These soils can cause severe damage to lightweight structures, pavements, and irrigation systems. Conversely, their unique swell potential behavior is advantageous in some applications as hydraulic barriers. This study evaluates the swelling potential of Paleozoic and Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous argillaceous soils from the eastern scarp of El-Galala El-Bahariya, Egypt, an area of recent urban development dominated by over 250&#xa0;m of Paleozoic sandstone and claystone deposits. Field investigations involved the collection of 16 clay soil samples, comprising eight Paleozoic and eight Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous clayey soils. The mineralogical composition was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while major oxides were measured through X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Geotechnical and physical properties, including initial moisture content (I.M.C), bulk unit weight <i>(γ</i><sub><i>b</i></sub><i>)</i>, specific gravity (G<sub>s</sub>), and Atterberg limits, were measured according to ASTM standards. Swelling potential was calculated using both indirect (Free Swell Index, F.S) and direct methods (Oedometer apparatus). Swelling pressures ranged from 0.051 to 0.4&#xa0;MPa in Paleozoic samples, indicating low swelling potential, and from 0.12 to 2.9&#xa0;MPa in Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous samples, reflecting low to moderate swelling behavior. Finally, the statistical models were extracted and calculated to predict empirical equations for free swelling percentages based on soil properties such as initial moisture content (I.M.C), bulk unit weight (γ<sub>b</sub>), plasticity index (P.I), and liquid limit (L.I) and sand content.</p>

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Assessment and Prediction of Swelling Potentiality for Clayey Soils, El-Galala El-Bahariya, Egypt

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Mostafa M. Eid,
  • Mohamed Mostafa Abdelfattah,
  • Waleed A. M. Ogila

摘要

Montmorillonite-rich expansive soils undergo significant volume changes with moisture fluctuations, presenting critical challenges to the design and durability of engineered infrastructure. These soils can cause severe damage to lightweight structures, pavements, and irrigation systems. Conversely, their unique swell potential behavior is advantageous in some applications as hydraulic barriers. This study evaluates the swelling potential of Paleozoic and Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous argillaceous soils from the eastern scarp of El-Galala El-Bahariya, Egypt, an area of recent urban development dominated by over 250 m of Paleozoic sandstone and claystone deposits. Field investigations involved the collection of 16 clay soil samples, comprising eight Paleozoic and eight Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous clayey soils. The mineralogical composition was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while major oxides were measured through X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Geotechnical and physical properties, including initial moisture content (I.M.C), bulk unit weight (γb), specific gravity (Gs), and Atterberg limits, were measured according to ASTM standards. Swelling potential was calculated using both indirect (Free Swell Index, F.S) and direct methods (Oedometer apparatus). Swelling pressures ranged from 0.051 to 0.4 MPa in Paleozoic samples, indicating low swelling potential, and from 0.12 to 2.9 MPa in Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous samples, reflecting low to moderate swelling behavior. Finally, the statistical models were extracted and calculated to predict empirical equations for free swelling percentages based on soil properties such as initial moisture content (I.M.C), bulk unit weight (γb), plasticity index (P.I), and liquid limit (L.I) and sand content.