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<p>This research investigates the application of fly ash geopolymers as sustainable binders in stabilizing Expansive Clayey soils (CS) and Natural sand (NS) using Granite dust (GD) as a replacement for natural sand. The focus of this study is on the optimization of liquid alkali activator (LAA) ratio, NaOH molarity (1&#xa0;M, 3&#xa0;M, 5&#xa0;M), and curing times (7,14 &amp; 28 days) to maximize mechanical and durability properties. UCS tests indicated GD-geopolymer composites (GDF) attained maximum strength (1177.07&#xa0;kPa at 5&#xa0;M, 28 days) compared to CSF (1210.52&#xa0;kPa) and NSF (1142.61&#xa0;kPa) due to high polymerization and micro densification. Elastic modulus (E50) also increased in the same proportion, with GDF attaining 135.75&#xa0;MPa. CBR values for GDF (45 at 5&#xa0;M) were higher than subgrade requirements, indicating pavement usability. Permeability tests affirmed low hydraulic conductivity (10⁻⁷ m/s) to provide environmental security, while leachate analysis demonstrated heavy metal concentrations within the limits of WHO. Microstructural analysis through SEM and XRD indicated that sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gels with elevated crystallinity were formed in 3&#xa0;M and 5&#xa0;M activators. The research concludes that fly ash-geopolymer binders, especially with GD, are a sustainable substitute for conventional stabilizers, with less carbon emissions and industrial waste valorization in geotechnical applications.</p>

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Mechanical Behavior and Microstructural Characterization of Fly Ash Geopolymer-Stabilized Soils with Granite Dust Replacement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Runjala Dilip,
  • T. Srinivas,
  • Vamsi Navya krishna Mypati

摘要

This research investigates the application of fly ash geopolymers as sustainable binders in stabilizing Expansive Clayey soils (CS) and Natural sand (NS) using Granite dust (GD) as a replacement for natural sand. The focus of this study is on the optimization of liquid alkali activator (LAA) ratio, NaOH molarity (1 M, 3 M, 5 M), and curing times (7,14 & 28 days) to maximize mechanical and durability properties. UCS tests indicated GD-geopolymer composites (GDF) attained maximum strength (1177.07 kPa at 5 M, 28 days) compared to CSF (1210.52 kPa) and NSF (1142.61 kPa) due to high polymerization and micro densification. Elastic modulus (E50) also increased in the same proportion, with GDF attaining 135.75 MPa. CBR values for GDF (45 at 5 M) were higher than subgrade requirements, indicating pavement usability. Permeability tests affirmed low hydraulic conductivity (10⁻⁷ m/s) to provide environmental security, while leachate analysis demonstrated heavy metal concentrations within the limits of WHO. Microstructural analysis through SEM and XRD indicated that sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gels with elevated crystallinity were formed in 3 M and 5 M activators. The research concludes that fly ash-geopolymer binders, especially with GD, are a sustainable substitute for conventional stabilizers, with less carbon emissions and industrial waste valorization in geotechnical applications.