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<p>Underground mining often leads to surface subsidence and collapse pit formation, posing a significant challenge for safety management in mining enterprises. This study elaborates on the theoretical calculation process of the progressive caving method and uses the Chaganaobao Iron-Zinc Mine as a case study to investigate the progressive caving process of the hanging wall in the subsidence area. Field investigations and theoretical calculations were employed to investigate the failure characteristics of the overlying rock mass in the collapse pit. Theoretical calculations determined the extent of overlying rock mass collapse. The results indicate that while the fracture depth exhibits a very slight increase with mining elevation and the failure surface angle shows a corresponding slight decrease, the magnitude of these changes is negligible from a practical engineering standpoint. In contrast, the caving angle demonstrates a pronounced and non-linear increase with mining elevation. The fracture depth is approximately 39&#xa0;m, the failure surface angle ranges from 53° to 54°, and the caving angle ranges from 56° to 70°. The calculation method for the progressive caving of the hanging wall comprehensively accounts for factors influencing the caving angle, including mining depth, ore body width, surrounding rock cohesion, internal friction angle, and the depth of initial caving. The calculated caving angle above the hanging wall is prioritized, with a recommended hanging wall caving angle of 65°. The maximum cracking range of the hanging wall in the Chaganaobao Iron-Zinc Mine is 448.5&#xa0;m, while the maximum cracking range along the strike direction is 92.4&#xa0;m. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing safety measures in underground mining operations.</p>

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Study on the Progressive Collapse Mechanics Mechanism and Collapse Range of the Overlying Rock Mass in the Collapse Area: A Case Study of the Iron-Zinc Mine in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Feifei Wang,
  • Qingyang Ren,
  • Kuan Wu,
  • Anmin Jiang

摘要

Underground mining often leads to surface subsidence and collapse pit formation, posing a significant challenge for safety management in mining enterprises. This study elaborates on the theoretical calculation process of the progressive caving method and uses the Chaganaobao Iron-Zinc Mine as a case study to investigate the progressive caving process of the hanging wall in the subsidence area. Field investigations and theoretical calculations were employed to investigate the failure characteristics of the overlying rock mass in the collapse pit. Theoretical calculations determined the extent of overlying rock mass collapse. The results indicate that while the fracture depth exhibits a very slight increase with mining elevation and the failure surface angle shows a corresponding slight decrease, the magnitude of these changes is negligible from a practical engineering standpoint. In contrast, the caving angle demonstrates a pronounced and non-linear increase with mining elevation. The fracture depth is approximately 39 m, the failure surface angle ranges from 53° to 54°, and the caving angle ranges from 56° to 70°. The calculation method for the progressive caving of the hanging wall comprehensively accounts for factors influencing the caving angle, including mining depth, ore body width, surrounding rock cohesion, internal friction angle, and the depth of initial caving. The calculated caving angle above the hanging wall is prioritized, with a recommended hanging wall caving angle of 65°. The maximum cracking range of the hanging wall in the Chaganaobao Iron-Zinc Mine is 448.5 m, while the maximum cracking range along the strike direction is 92.4 m. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing safety measures in underground mining operations.