<p>This paper, the 47th Annual Lecture of the Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS), synthesizes over two decades of research, ranging from fundamental to translational, on advancing geotechnical earthquake engineering by the author. The work encompasses analytical, numerical, and probabilistic studies, as well as field-based case histories from various infrastructure projects contributed by the author and his research group primarily at IIT Bombay. Addressing the major limitations of the conventional pseudo-static method, the pioneering development of the new pseudo-dynamic method for the estimation of seismic earth pressures showed a paradigm shift, yielding more realistic non-linear seismic earth pressure distributions. This enabled the rational seismic design of rigid retaining walls, reinforced soil-wall systems, waterfront retaining structures, shallow foundations, anchors, tailing dams, and other geotechnical systems. Parallel advances in seismic hazard and ground response analyses produced site-specific spectra, localized seismic hazard maps, and microzonation studies for various Indian cities, forming the basis for performance-based seismic design. These outcomes were applied to the seismic design of piles, combined piled raft foundations (CPRFs), and tunnels, where dynamic soil–structure interaction and liquefaction effects were addressed through numerical and analytical studies, demonstrating sustainable foundation solutions for high-rise buildings, industrial structures, and nuclear facilities. Further research extended to multi-hazard slope stability under rainfall–earthquake interaction, and to the safety of buried pipelines, leading to the development of new models for ground deformation and blast effects. Collectively, these studies establish an integrated analytical, numerical, performance-based, and multi-hazard framework for designing resilient geotechnical infrastructures in seismic regions, considering site-specific geotechnical studies.</p>