<p>This paper addresses surrounding rock deformation and instability in tunnel construction by using equivalent reinforcement ring theory to model and analyze stress and displacement. Through theoretical derivation, the control mechanism of advanced support on surrounding rockmass deformation is proposed, and the accuracy of the model is verified by numerical simulation and engineering examples. The research shows that the tunnel support range is positively correlated with the tunnel diameter, and the reasonable reinforcement thickness and material elastic modulus have a significant influence on the deformation control of surrounding rockmass. The optimization scheme can effectively reduce the deformation of surrounding rockmass, reduce the waste of materials, and improve the construction efficiency and economy. This study provides an optimal design method of advance support for the tunnel project, and clarifies the sensitivity ranking and optimal value of reinforcement parameters, which provides a theoretical basis for tunnel engineering design.</p>