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<p>This study investigates the potential of iron and steel slags, specifically processed granulated blast furnace slag (PGBS), basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, as sustainable alternatives to natural aggregates in base and granular sub-base (GSB) layers of pavement. Various slag combinations were designed and tested in accordance with MoRTH specifications to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties. The slag-based mixes demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional mixes using natural aggregates. Maximum dry density (MDD) values ranged from 2.50 to 2.54&#xa0;g/cc, and optimum moisture content (OMC) varied between 6.8% and 8.4%, indicating better compaction characteristics. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values for slag blends ranged from 36 to 48% with blend 3, showing the highest strength, outperforming the natural aggregate mix by approximately 25%. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests revealed that slag mixes stabilized with 3% lime achieved 7-day strengths of 1.8–2.2&#xa0;MPa and 28-day strengths of 2.9–3.2&#xa0;MPa. Increasing lime to 5% further enhanced UCS to 3.2&#xa0;MPa (7-day) and 4.8&#xa0;MPa (28-day). Durability tests confirmed residual strength retention of ~ 90% with 3% lime and no loss with 3% cement, meeting IRC standards. The findings validate the use of slag aggregates as environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and technically viable materials for road construction, with the potential to conserve natural resources.</p>

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Slag Mix Designs for Granular Layers of Pavement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Praveen Kumar,
  • D Satish Kumar,
  • Dhiren Panda

摘要

This study investigates the potential of iron and steel slags, specifically processed granulated blast furnace slag (PGBS), basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, as sustainable alternatives to natural aggregates in base and granular sub-base (GSB) layers of pavement. Various slag combinations were designed and tested in accordance with MoRTH specifications to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties. The slag-based mixes demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional mixes using natural aggregates. Maximum dry density (MDD) values ranged from 2.50 to 2.54 g/cc, and optimum moisture content (OMC) varied between 6.8% and 8.4%, indicating better compaction characteristics. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values for slag blends ranged from 36 to 48% with blend 3, showing the highest strength, outperforming the natural aggregate mix by approximately 25%. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests revealed that slag mixes stabilized with 3% lime achieved 7-day strengths of 1.8–2.2 MPa and 28-day strengths of 2.9–3.2 MPa. Increasing lime to 5% further enhanced UCS to 3.2 MPa (7-day) and 4.8 MPa (28-day). Durability tests confirmed residual strength retention of ~ 90% with 3% lime and no loss with 3% cement, meeting IRC standards. The findings validate the use of slag aggregates as environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and technically viable materials for road construction, with the potential to conserve natural resources.