<p>Generally, soil stabilization is a method to strengthen the soil matrix by altering its engineering properties. Traditional practices include lime and cement stabilization, organic additives, compaction techniques, and vegetation, which have significantly developed over time. As the focus on sustainability increases, researchers have embraced plant-based stabilization as an eco-friendly alternative that addresses engineering and environmental challenges. Scientifically, plant roots enhance soil cohesion through mechanical reinforcement, while their biochemical interactions improve aggregate stability and reduce erodibility. The vegetation canopy minimizes surface runoff, dissipates rainfall energy, and promotes infiltration, thus mitigating surface erosion. Key engineering advancements in this field involve quantifying root tensile strength, root–soil interface behaviour, and biological enhancements. This study underscores the development of plant-based stabilization techniques and contextualizes their engineering mechanisms alongside traditional methods such as lime and cement stabilization, polymers, and geosynthetics. It also discusses their role in bridging the gap between ecological restoration and sustainable infrastructure. Future research should focus on region-specific studies, particularly for India, to develop optimization strategies and performance models for the country's diverse soil–vegetation–climate interactions.</p>