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<p>Relentless geological and hydrogeological processes continuously alter the physical and mechanical properties of the subsurface, often leading to geotechnical complications. To map this inherent geotechnical heterogeneity, comprehensive, cost-effective, and rapid investigation methodologies are required. Effective site characterization begins with the development of a Conceptual Site Model (CSM), which compiles detailed information about subsurface geotechnical conditions. A CSM serves as a framework that integrates existing knowledge and data to understand site conditions and assess potential impacts on both the environment and infrastructure. Traditionally, the CSM involves in collecting soil and rock samples from boreholes drilled at selected, discrete locations. However, Near-Surface Geophysical (NSG) methods offer a valuable complement by providing near-continuous information on the geometry of geological structures and the physical properties of subsurface materials. These methods can also help in identifying the appropriate locations of the boreholes and optimize their numbers, thus improving cost and efficiency. When combined with data from a representative set of boreholes, NSG methods enable comprehensive subsurface coverage with improved spatial resolution and data quality. Over the past few decades, these techniques have advanced significantly within geotechnical and geo-environmental fields, aiding in the construction of CSMs, Engineering Geological Models, and Geotechnical Models. A wide array of geophysical methods, each sensitive to a specific ‘operative’ physical property, are routinely employed for subsurface characterization at the required resolution. However, the successful application of NSG techniques depends on careful planning and selection, guided by a few key considerations and elements tailored to the specific site conditions and objectives. Despite inherent challenges and limitations, numerous successful case studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and value of geophysical methods in addressing complex geotechnical issues.</p>

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Near-Surface Geophysical Techniques for Addressing Geotechnical Problems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Krishnaiah Chevva

摘要

Relentless geological and hydrogeological processes continuously alter the physical and mechanical properties of the subsurface, often leading to geotechnical complications. To map this inherent geotechnical heterogeneity, comprehensive, cost-effective, and rapid investigation methodologies are required. Effective site characterization begins with the development of a Conceptual Site Model (CSM), which compiles detailed information about subsurface geotechnical conditions. A CSM serves as a framework that integrates existing knowledge and data to understand site conditions and assess potential impacts on both the environment and infrastructure. Traditionally, the CSM involves in collecting soil and rock samples from boreholes drilled at selected, discrete locations. However, Near-Surface Geophysical (NSG) methods offer a valuable complement by providing near-continuous information on the geometry of geological structures and the physical properties of subsurface materials. These methods can also help in identifying the appropriate locations of the boreholes and optimize their numbers, thus improving cost and efficiency. When combined with data from a representative set of boreholes, NSG methods enable comprehensive subsurface coverage with improved spatial resolution and data quality. Over the past few decades, these techniques have advanced significantly within geotechnical and geo-environmental fields, aiding in the construction of CSMs, Engineering Geological Models, and Geotechnical Models. A wide array of geophysical methods, each sensitive to a specific ‘operative’ physical property, are routinely employed for subsurface characterization at the required resolution. However, the successful application of NSG techniques depends on careful planning and selection, guided by a few key considerations and elements tailored to the specific site conditions and objectives. Despite inherent challenges and limitations, numerous successful case studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and value of geophysical methods in addressing complex geotechnical issues.