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<p>The El Harka Dam, a 30-m-high compacted earth embankment completed in 2018, is founded on sandy layers improved by vibro-compaction. This paper investigated the dam’s performance under potential liquefaction risk. Geotechnical investigations, including standard penetration tests (SPT), were conducted to assess the likelihood of liquefaction during seismic events. The first step involved analyzing test data of the dam foundation and assessing liquefaction risk using the Idriss and Boulanger method, before and after vibro-compaction. Results showed a high liquefaction risk in sandy layers shallower than 24 m depth before treatment, especially for earthquakes exceeding <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 5.5, with liquefaction probabilities reaching up to 58%. In post treatment, the risk was significantly reduced to below 10%, demonstrating the effectiveness of vibro-compaction. In the second step, a one-dimensional numerical model was developed to evaluate the dam’s response under seismic loading with a peak ground acceleration of 0.25&#xa0;g. The UBC3D-PLM constitutive model was employed, using geotechnical parameters derived from SPT and laboratory tests. Numerical results indicated a substantial reduction in the excess pore pressure ratio (<i>r</i><sub>u</sub>), decreasing from approximately 1 before treatment to less than 0.1 after vibro-compaction. This marked decrease in pore pressure buildup closely matched predictions from the Idriss and Boulanger method. Overall, the study confirms that vibro-compaction significantly mitigates liquefaction potential in sandy foundations of earth dams, either using empirical assessments or from numerical approach including seismic loading.</p>

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Improvement of Liquefaction Resistance in a Sandy Soil Using the Vibro-compaction Method: A Case Study of the El Harka Earth Dam Foundation, Tunisia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月16日

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  • Hatem Karoui,
  • Mounir Bouassida

摘要

The El Harka Dam, a 30-m-high compacted earth embankment completed in 2018, is founded on sandy layers improved by vibro-compaction. This paper investigated the dam’s performance under potential liquefaction risk. Geotechnical investigations, including standard penetration tests (SPT), were conducted to assess the likelihood of liquefaction during seismic events. The first step involved analyzing test data of the dam foundation and assessing liquefaction risk using the Idriss and Boulanger method, before and after vibro-compaction. Results showed a high liquefaction risk in sandy layers shallower than 24 m depth before treatment, especially for earthquakes exceeding Mw = 5.5, with liquefaction probabilities reaching up to 58%. In post treatment, the risk was significantly reduced to below 10%, demonstrating the effectiveness of vibro-compaction. In the second step, a one-dimensional numerical model was developed to evaluate the dam’s response under seismic loading with a peak ground acceleration of 0.25 g. The UBC3D-PLM constitutive model was employed, using geotechnical parameters derived from SPT and laboratory tests. Numerical results indicated a substantial reduction in the excess pore pressure ratio (ru), decreasing from approximately 1 before treatment to less than 0.1 after vibro-compaction. This marked decrease in pore pressure buildup closely matched predictions from the Idriss and Boulanger method. Overall, the study confirms that vibro-compaction significantly mitigates liquefaction potential in sandy foundations of earth dams, either using empirical assessments or from numerical approach including seismic loading.