<p>Coal mining activities often lead to surface settlement and deformation, which compromise the safety and seismic performance of overlying buildings. This study proposes a seismic resilience assessment method for mining-damaged buildings by integrating seismic input with mining-induced subsidence, based on energy dissipation theory. Through numerical simulations and seismic performance evaluation, the research analyzes how mining-induced damage affects dynamic responses and energy dissipation characteristics under earthquake loading. Results show that such damage lengthens the natural period, reduces stiffness, intensifies torsional vibrations, and amplifies displacement and internal forces—particularly in lower stories. Additionally, mining-damaged buildings exhibit increased input energy and plastic dissipation energy, but reduced damping capacity, indicating degraded seismic performance and higher collapse risk. To address these issues, a comprehensive protection system combining underground backfilling and surface isolation is proposed, offering practical guidance for seismic design and disaster mitigation in mining areas. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding and engineering application of seismic resilience in mining-affected regions.</p>