<p>Geophysical methods have emerged as essential tools in geotechnical engineering, offering a non-invasive, rapid, and cost-effective approach to subsurface exploration. These techniques, including resistivity, seismic, gravity, magnetic, electromagnetic, and LiDAR surveys, enable the characterization of subsurface materials, detection of anomalies, and identification of man-made structures without the need for extensive drilling or excavation. This paper explores the application of surface geophysical methods, with a particular focus on the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR), in subsurface investigations for geotechnical and seismic risk assessments. MASW, a seismic technique utilizing Rayleigh waves, is employed to obtain shear wave velocity profiles, which are critical for evaluating soil stiffness and seismic site classification. Case studies conducted in Chennai and Trivandrum highlight the effectiveness of MASW in mapping subsurface conditions, including the identification of weathered rock and assessing seismic response in heritage structures. Additionally, GPR is used for subsurface utility detection and geological profiling, with applications demonstrated at the IIT Bombay campus. The study also highlights the application of GPR to resolve uncertainties in subsurface stratigraphy, particularly in complex sites with inconsistent borehole data. The findings underscore the potential of geophysical methods in enhancing subsurface characterization, optimizing site investigation programs, and providing valuable insights for engineering and earthquake hazard mitigation.</p>