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<p>Landslides are a major hazard in the Himalayan region, particularly along road cut slopes. National Highway 5 (NH-5), a critical lifeline for Himachal Pradesh and its border areas, has experienced frequent disruptions due to slope failures around Shimla. This study assesses the stability of slopes at Dhalli (DL), Bhattakufer (BL), and adjacent sites along NH-5 using kinematic analysis (KA), Rock Mass Rating (RMRbasic), Slope Mass Rating (SMR), and finite element modeling (FEM). Kinematic analyses indicate a predominance of wedge and planar failure modes. RMR<sub>basic</sub> classifies the slopes as fair to poor (Class III–IV), while SMR identifies 7 slopes as completely unstable (Class V), 4 as unstable (Class IV), and 1 as partially stable (Class III). These instabilities are mainly driven by unfavorable discontinuity orientations, human interventions, and intense rainfall. Limit equilibrium and FEM models for six slopes prone to wedge failure yielded factors of safety (FOS) and strength reduction factors (SRF) less than 1, confirming their failure potential. Remedial measures such as retaining and anchored walls, systematic shotcreting, and deep drainage are recommended to enhance long-term slope stability.</p>

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Slope Stability Analysis of the Dhalli and Battakufer Landslides and Adjacent Slopes Along National Highway 5, Shimla, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Jugraj Singh,
  • Kunal Pathania,
  • Mahesh Thakur,
  • T. N. Singh,
  • Rajeshwar Singh Banshtu

摘要

Landslides are a major hazard in the Himalayan region, particularly along road cut slopes. National Highway 5 (NH-5), a critical lifeline for Himachal Pradesh and its border areas, has experienced frequent disruptions due to slope failures around Shimla. This study assesses the stability of slopes at Dhalli (DL), Bhattakufer (BL), and adjacent sites along NH-5 using kinematic analysis (KA), Rock Mass Rating (RMRbasic), Slope Mass Rating (SMR), and finite element modeling (FEM). Kinematic analyses indicate a predominance of wedge and planar failure modes. RMRbasic classifies the slopes as fair to poor (Class III–IV), while SMR identifies 7 slopes as completely unstable (Class V), 4 as unstable (Class IV), and 1 as partially stable (Class III). These instabilities are mainly driven by unfavorable discontinuity orientations, human interventions, and intense rainfall. Limit equilibrium and FEM models for six slopes prone to wedge failure yielded factors of safety (FOS) and strength reduction factors (SRF) less than 1, confirming their failure potential. Remedial measures such as retaining and anchored walls, systematic shotcreting, and deep drainage are recommended to enhance long-term slope stability.