<p>Seismic hazard microzonation is a process of classifying a region into zones of relatively similar exposure to various earthquake-related effects. Seismic microzonation aids in understanding the impact of various earthquake-related losses, including those stemming from liquefaction and landslides. By providing a detailed assessment of seismic hazards, it helps civil engineers and urban planners in safer residential and infrastructural development decisions and also facilitates effective land use management, such as locating appropriate sites for schools, hospitals, highways, bridges and other lifeline structures with lower seismic risk. Further, associated seismic risk can be mitigated by providing guidelines for infrastructure design and construction practices and ensuring that they are resilient to local seismic hazards. This review aims to present the steps used in seismic microzonation studies. Subsequently, the input data required for seismic microzonation are discussed in detail. This paper also presents an overview of seismicity across India, seismic microzonation efforts, and relevant case studies within the Indian context.</p>