<p>Nature-based and nature-inspired solutions for ground improvement gained significant attention in recent years due to their sustainability and environmental benefits. These methods draw inspiration from natural processes and ecosystems to enhance soil properties and mitigate geotechnical challenges. The nature-based solutions include bacteria and enzymes that are used to improve the properties of soil, and the process is widely known as the microbially induced calcite precipitation technique (MICP) and enzyme-induced calcite precipitation technique (EICP), respectively. MICP and EICP techniques are known for dealing with several geotechnical and geoenvironmental challenges, i.e., liquefaction, wind erosion, riverbank erosion, slope stability, drainage, soil contamination, etc. On the other hand, nature-inspired methods get attention due to their high efficiency over conventional processes. The bio-inspired processes that can be implemented in geotechnical engineering are snakeskin-inspired surfaces for pile foundations and geo-synthetics; self-burrowing probes for tunneling and excavations; and tree root-inspired anchorage and foundation systems. This paper will be focused on all the advancements held in nature-based and nature-inspired solutions till now including micro- to macro- to model-to-field-scale implementation of these processes and challenges associated with the application of these methods.</p>