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<p>Geotechnical engineering operations usually precede most infrastructural projects, making foundation construction an integral contributor to climate change and other global environmental effects due to the production of enormous quantities of greenhouse gas emissions through soil stabilization activities. Preventing these problems will require effective integration of these environmental implications must be achieved during the geotechnical planning phase. The Life Cycle Assessment technique is widely employed to assess the environmental impacts of a project across its entire life cycle. This includes stages such as raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, construction, maintenance, and eventual disposal. It is a systematic and well-established methodology that plays a critical role in designing geotechnical and geo-environmental projects with a focus on environmental sustainability. This study assesses the sustainability benefits of using geopolymer stabilization with fly ash (FA), lime sludge (LS), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) for treating highly plastic kaolin clay, comparing its performance with traditional lime stabilization methods. Test results showed a notable increase in UCS of the geopolymer-stabilized clay with 15% (FA + LS) and 10% (FA + GGBS) contents up to 1592 and 307%, respectively, after 28&#xa0;days elevated temperature (ET, 70&#xa0;°C) curing. The Sustainability Index for both geopolymer and lime stabilization methods was analyzed using a tripod framework encompassing resource consumption, environmental impact, and socio-economic considerations. This approach quantified environmental and economic aspects by evaluating greenhouse gas emissions, environmental benefits and drawbacks, and cost implications associated with utilizing fly ash (FA) and lime sludge (LS) in soil stabilization, in comparison to traditional lime treatment. A Life Cycle Assessment was performed for traditional lime treatment, FA-LS (fly ash-lime sludge), and FA-GGBS (fly ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag) geopolymer-stabilized subgrades to identify the most sustainable method. The Sustainability Index results revealed that FA-LS (I<sub>Sus</sub> = 12.88) and FA-GGBS (I<sub>Sus</sub> = 29.72) geopolymer treatments of EPK subgrade soils are significantly more sustainable compared to the traditional lime treatment method (I<sub>Sus</sub> = 48.07).</p>

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Sustainability Assessment of Geopolymer Stabilized Highway Subgrades Using Industrial By-Products

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Adedeji A. Disu,
  • Prabir Kolay

摘要

Geotechnical engineering operations usually precede most infrastructural projects, making foundation construction an integral contributor to climate change and other global environmental effects due to the production of enormous quantities of greenhouse gas emissions through soil stabilization activities. Preventing these problems will require effective integration of these environmental implications must be achieved during the geotechnical planning phase. The Life Cycle Assessment technique is widely employed to assess the environmental impacts of a project across its entire life cycle. This includes stages such as raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, construction, maintenance, and eventual disposal. It is a systematic and well-established methodology that plays a critical role in designing geotechnical and geo-environmental projects with a focus on environmental sustainability. This study assesses the sustainability benefits of using geopolymer stabilization with fly ash (FA), lime sludge (LS), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) for treating highly plastic kaolin clay, comparing its performance with traditional lime stabilization methods. Test results showed a notable increase in UCS of the geopolymer-stabilized clay with 15% (FA + LS) and 10% (FA + GGBS) contents up to 1592 and 307%, respectively, after 28 days elevated temperature (ET, 70 °C) curing. The Sustainability Index for both geopolymer and lime stabilization methods was analyzed using a tripod framework encompassing resource consumption, environmental impact, and socio-economic considerations. This approach quantified environmental and economic aspects by evaluating greenhouse gas emissions, environmental benefits and drawbacks, and cost implications associated with utilizing fly ash (FA) and lime sludge (LS) in soil stabilization, in comparison to traditional lime treatment. A Life Cycle Assessment was performed for traditional lime treatment, FA-LS (fly ash-lime sludge), and FA-GGBS (fly ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag) geopolymer-stabilized subgrades to identify the most sustainable method. The Sustainability Index results revealed that FA-LS (ISus = 12.88) and FA-GGBS (ISus = 29.72) geopolymer treatments of EPK subgrade soils are significantly more sustainable compared to the traditional lime treatment method (ISus = 48.07).