<p>Owing to the complexity of terrains and landforms in western China, rockfalls are among the most common natural disasters in this region. This paper investigates the impact crater and energy dissipation mechanisms of the rockfall‒cushion collision process by considering random factors via numerical simulations and fast Fourier transform methods. The results indicate that when random factors are considered, the <i>Z</i>-direction velocity of a rockfall also decreases in the form of a logistic function. The logarithm of the amplitude and power of the cushion particle linearly increases with increasing frequency normalization. When the frequency is lower than the mean frequency, the intensity of the vibration and magnitude of the vibrational energy increase with increasing detection depth; this trend is reversed when the frequency is higher than the mean frequency. Given the detection depth, the vibration intensity and magnitude of the vibrational energy decrease with increasing incident velocity and incident angle when the frequency is lower than the mean frequency; the pattern is reversed when the frequency is higher than the mean frequency. These results can be used to optimize cushion layer design by adjusting the vibration frequency of the particles.</p>