Innovative Approaches for Mitigating Soil Liquefaction: A State-of-the-Art Review of Techniques and Bibliometric Analysis

Earthquake-induced liquefaction is a major threat to geotechnical structures, particularly in regions with loose, water-saturated granular soils. This article reviews recent advancements in liquefaction mitigation techniques, emphasizing innovative approaches such as nanomaterials, biological materials, recycled materials, partial saturation techniques, and microfine cement, alongside traditional methods. Nanomaterials like bentonite, laponite, and colloidal silica show significant promise in reducing liquefaction, as does microbially induced calcite precipitation as a biological method. Sustainable solutions are also offered by recycled materials such as construction waste, glass, and rubber chips, while air injection and biogas methods are effective in partial saturation techniques. A bibliometric analysis of 222 documents from the Scopus database (2003–2023) highlights a notable rise in research since 2018, particularly focused on environmentally friendly methods like nanomaterials and bio-based techniques. Key contributors to this field include the USA, China, and Japan, with recent methods constituting approximately 40% of the publications. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing both research and practical applications in liquefaction mitigation.