Recycling of Palm Kernel Shell Waste As Coarse Aggregates in Asphalt Concrete for Road Pavements: Cement and Lime Stabilisation

This paper aimed to evaluate the potential use of palm kernel shells (PKS) as a substitute for natural aggregates in asphalt mixes. The physical and mechanical properties of natural materials and PKS met the technical specifications for materials used in asphalt concrete. Different substitution rates were tested: 30%, 50%, and 70% along with lime and cement stabilisation. The tests performed (compactness, creep, and stability) according to the CEBTP and Asphalt Institute standards showed that four samples out of 13 (AC30C4, AC50C4, AC30L2, and AC30L4) met the prescribed CEBTP conditions while five samples met conditions of the Asphalt Institute guide.