Assessment of Stability of Slopes and Remedial Measures in Lesser Himalayan Region: An Overview

Slopes in the lesser Himalayan region are notoriously prone to instability due to complex geological formations, intense seismic activity, and heavy precipitation patterns. This article reviews the studies carried out on the assessment of slope stability across this region in the recent past. The primary focus of this review article is on identifying the most common factors attributing to slope failure, and a comprehensive analysis of the latest methodologies is used for stability assessment. These methodologies encompass traditional limit equilibrium methods, advanced numerical modeling techniques, and the increasing use of remote sensing and GIS analysis. Additionally, the article emphasizes the efficacy of various remedial measures implemented in the region. These measures include structural interventions (such as retaining walls, rock bolting, and soil nailing) as well as bioengineering solutions (like vegetation cover and root reinforcement). The review highlights the importance of a multipronged approach, combining thorough stability assessment with appropriate and timely remedial measures for ensuring the long-term safety and sustainability of the developed infrastructure and local communities in the lesser Himalayan region.