Pseudorapidity distribution study for shower particles emerged in the interactions of \(^{84}{\text {Kr}}\) with emulsion at 1 GeV per nucleon

An important area of contemporary particle and nuclear physics is investigating the nature of heavy ion reactions at high energies. Pseudorapidity, ( \(\eta \) $\eta$ ), is a crucial parameter for analyzing the mechanisms of particle production in high-energy collisions between nuclei with nuclear emulsion detector (NED). In this paper \(\eta \) $\eta$ distribution of shower particles produced in the interaction of \(^{84}{\text {Kr}}\) $_{}^{84}\text{Kr}$ with nuclear emulsions at 1 A GeV have been studied using two different parameters \(N_\textrm{h}\) $N_{\text{h}}$ (target size) and Q (degree of centrality). The different \(\eta \) $\eta$ -distributions can be described by Gaussian distribution. The statistical moments of the shower particles’ \(\eta \) $\eta$ distribution such as M (mean), \(\sigma ^{2}\) ${\sigma }^2$ (variance), and scaled variance \(\omega \) $\omega$ ( \(\sigma ^{2}\) ${\sigma }^2$ /M) are measured. These observations reveal that the width (i.e., dispersion) of these distributions shows only a weak dependence on the type of projectile, while the mean value of \(\eta \) $\eta$ increases with increasing projectile mass ( \(A_\textrm{P}\) $A_{\text{P}}$ ). This study also shows that the cascading effect i.e., the created pions scattering on another target nucleon before emission becomes more pronounced as the target size increases. The \(\omega \) $\omega$ values, which characterize the fluctuations of the distributions, decrease slowly with increasing \(N_\textrm{h}\) $N_{\text{h}}$ values.