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<p>Fe, W co-substituted hexagonal BaTiO<sub>3</sub> perovskite ceramics with a composition of BaTi<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>(Fe<sub>2/3</sub>W<sub>1/3</sub>)<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.20–0.80) were elaborated via the classical solid-state reaction method. Their structures transitioned from hexagonal (<i>x</i> = 0.20) with space group <i>P</i>6<sub>3</sub>/<i>mmc</i> to tetragonal (<i>x</i> = 0.40) with space group <i>P</i>4<i>mm</i>. For the other substitution rates, the hexagonal structure does not appear alone. In fact, it appears in a double mixed structure (hexagonal + tetragonal) for <i>x</i> = 0.60. The refinement results of the sample (<i>x</i> = 0.20) revealed that it is possible to stabilize the hexagonal polymorph of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> at room temperature by the partial replacement of Ti<sup>4+</sup> with Fe<sup>3+</sup> and W<sup>6+</sup>. This study also explores the resistivity–temperature curve of doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics, unveiling a distinctive peak signifying the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition. Emphasizing the crucial temperature coefficient (α<sub>10/25</sub>), derived from room temperature resistivity, we illuminate the material’s responsiveness to temperature changes. Investigating materials doped with iron and tungsten reveals intriguing resistivity patterns and provides insights into room temperature resistivity evolution through (Fe and W) couple metal transitions doped elements. The observed peaks in resistivity are associated with phase transitions and the Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (PTCR) effect. This holistic exploration unravels the intricate interplay between doping chemical elements, microstructure, and electrical properties, offering prospects for precise resistivity control in advanced ceramics.</p>

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Resistivity control in hexagonal BaTiO3 ceramics: unraveling the influence of iron and tungsten dopants on structure and electrical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Fayçal Bourguiba,
  • Slah Hlali,
  • Moez Salem,
  • A. Dhahri,
  • S. Kossi,
  • J. Dhahri

摘要

Fe, W co-substituted hexagonal BaTiO3 perovskite ceramics with a composition of BaTi1-x(Fe2/3W1/3)xO3 (x = 0.20–0.80) were elaborated via the classical solid-state reaction method. Their structures transitioned from hexagonal (x = 0.20) with space group P63/mmc to tetragonal (x = 0.40) with space group P4mm. For the other substitution rates, the hexagonal structure does not appear alone. In fact, it appears in a double mixed structure (hexagonal + tetragonal) for x = 0.60. The refinement results of the sample (x = 0.20) revealed that it is possible to stabilize the hexagonal polymorph of BaTiO3 at room temperature by the partial replacement of Ti4+ with Fe3+ and W6+. This study also explores the resistivity–temperature curve of doped BaTiO3 ceramics, unveiling a distinctive peak signifying the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition. Emphasizing the crucial temperature coefficient (α10/25), derived from room temperature resistivity, we illuminate the material’s responsiveness to temperature changes. Investigating materials doped with iron and tungsten reveals intriguing resistivity patterns and provides insights into room temperature resistivity evolution through (Fe and W) couple metal transitions doped elements. The observed peaks in resistivity are associated with phase transitions and the Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (PTCR) effect. This holistic exploration unravels the intricate interplay between doping chemical elements, microstructure, and electrical properties, offering prospects for precise resistivity control in advanced ceramics.