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<p>EAST is scheduled for an upgrade that includes expansion of the vacuum vessel and enhancement of the second neutral beam injection beamline (NBI-2). The upgraded NBI-2 will operate at an elevated beam energy of 120&#xa0;keV and deliver a rated power of 1.8&#xa0;MW per neutral beam (two beams per beamline, total 3.6&#xa0;MW), thereby boosting heating capability while incurring higher beam power loss. In this study, beam power loss and fast ion deposition after the upgrade are predicted by the simulation codes TRANSP, ONETWO, NUBEAM, and EFIT. At the 400 kA plasma current (<i>I</i><sub>P</sub>) plateau, the beam power loss fraction after the upgrade increases to 222.03% of its pre-upgrade value. High-current operation at 1000 kA mitigates this increase and reduces the total beam power loss by 48.56% relative to 400 kA. In this regime, fast ions undergo efficient core deposition: the NBI-2 beamline alone delivers 0.83&#xa0;MW of power to ions within the plasma core (<i>ρ</i> &lt; 0.4) and raises the core ion temperature to 3.54&#xa0;keV. These results demonstrate that combining the NBI-2 upgrade with high-current operation strengthens core heating and suppresses the increase in beam power loss, thereby supporting long-pulse steady-state experiments on EAST and providing guidance for managing beam power loss after the upgrade.</p>

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Beam power loss prediction of the upgraded NBI on EAST

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Wangbin Liu,
  • Qianhong Huang,
  • Ji Wang,
  • Xueyu Gong,
  • Yuanlai Xie,
  • Caichao Jiang,
  • Xingyuan Xu,
  • M. Yousaf Khattak,
  • Yuqing Chen,
  • Peng Yu,
  • Hongcan Liu,
  • Junfeng Liu

摘要

EAST is scheduled for an upgrade that includes expansion of the vacuum vessel and enhancement of the second neutral beam injection beamline (NBI-2). The upgraded NBI-2 will operate at an elevated beam energy of 120 keV and deliver a rated power of 1.8 MW per neutral beam (two beams per beamline, total 3.6 MW), thereby boosting heating capability while incurring higher beam power loss. In this study, beam power loss and fast ion deposition after the upgrade are predicted by the simulation codes TRANSP, ONETWO, NUBEAM, and EFIT. At the 400 kA plasma current (IP) plateau, the beam power loss fraction after the upgrade increases to 222.03% of its pre-upgrade value. High-current operation at 1000 kA mitigates this increase and reduces the total beam power loss by 48.56% relative to 400 kA. In this regime, fast ions undergo efficient core deposition: the NBI-2 beamline alone delivers 0.83 MW of power to ions within the plasma core (ρ < 0.4) and raises the core ion temperature to 3.54 keV. These results demonstrate that combining the NBI-2 upgrade with high-current operation strengthens core heating and suppresses the increase in beam power loss, thereby supporting long-pulse steady-state experiments on EAST and providing guidance for managing beam power loss after the upgrade.