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<p>ZnO nanoparticles co-doped with Cu, Co, and Ni were synthesized via co-precipitation to investigate structural, optical, and photocatalytic modifications. XRD confirmed the wurtzite structure with lattice distortions and crystallite sizes of 18–23&#xa0;nm depending on dopant type. FE-SEM revealed particle growth from 34&#xa0;nm (pure ZnO) to 82&#xa0;nm (ZnO:(Co,Ni)). UV–Vis and Raman analyses showed visible-light absorption enhancement and increased oxygen vacancies, particularly in Co-containing samples. Photocatalytic testing under visible light showed that the ternary-doped ZnO:(Cu,Co,Ni) degraded ~ 95% Rhodamine B within 25&#xa0;min (<i>k</i> ≈ 3× higher than pure ZnO), and induced a rapid degradation of the ciprofloxacin absorbance at 277&#xa0;nm within 30&#xa0;min. The performance enhancement is attributed to bandgap narrowing, improved charge separation, and synergistic defect engineering, highlighting ZnO:(Cu,Co,Ni) as a promising catalyst for environmental remediation. This work contributes to a controlled comparison of mono-, binary-, and ternary Cu/Co/Ni doping of ZnO synthesized under one identical protocol, enabling fair correlations between dopant complexity, defect signatures, and visible-light activity.</p>

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Synergistic enhancement of visible-light photocatalysis in ZnO:(Cu,Co,Ni) nanoparticles: structural, optical, and defect engineering insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月1日

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  • Trinh Duc Thien,
  • Tạ Viet Hung,
  • Le T. M. Cham,
  • Nguyen Huu Tuan,
  • Ho Thi Anh,
  • Nguyen Duc Cuong,
  • Pham Hong Minh,
  • Pham Van Duong,
  • Hoang Van Thanh,
  • Nguyen Dinh Lam

摘要

ZnO nanoparticles co-doped with Cu, Co, and Ni were synthesized via co-precipitation to investigate structural, optical, and photocatalytic modifications. XRD confirmed the wurtzite structure with lattice distortions and crystallite sizes of 18–23 nm depending on dopant type. FE-SEM revealed particle growth from 34 nm (pure ZnO) to 82 nm (ZnO:(Co,Ni)). UV–Vis and Raman analyses showed visible-light absorption enhancement and increased oxygen vacancies, particularly in Co-containing samples. Photocatalytic testing under visible light showed that the ternary-doped ZnO:(Cu,Co,Ni) degraded ~ 95% Rhodamine B within 25 min (k ≈ 3× higher than pure ZnO), and induced a rapid degradation of the ciprofloxacin absorbance at 277 nm within 30 min. The performance enhancement is attributed to bandgap narrowing, improved charge separation, and synergistic defect engineering, highlighting ZnO:(Cu,Co,Ni) as a promising catalyst for environmental remediation. This work contributes to a controlled comparison of mono-, binary-, and ternary Cu/Co/Ni doping of ZnO synthesized under one identical protocol, enabling fair correlations between dopant complexity, defect signatures, and visible-light activity.