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<p>This study investigates the relaxed state of partially ionized dusty plasma, which is comprised of mobile electrons, positive ions, neutrals and negatively charged dust particles. From the model equations for this plasma system, a quadruple Beltrami (QB) relaxed state is derived. The QB relaxed state is a non-force-free state that is the linear superposition of four single Beltrami states. A numerical analysis of the QB state is carried out by considering the plasma parameters typical of summer echo altitudes in the polar mesosphere. The analysis reveals the possibility for the formation of multiscale relaxed state structures, and the bite-out condition can transform paramagnetic field structures into diamagnetic ones. The potential implications of the current study for mesospheric plasmas are also discussed.</p>

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Investigation of the quadruple Beltrami relaxed state in a partially ionized dusty mesospheric plasma

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Usman Shazad,
  • A. Shuaib,
  • Faheem Ahmed,
  • M. Iqbal

摘要

This study investigates the relaxed state of partially ionized dusty plasma, which is comprised of mobile electrons, positive ions, neutrals and negatively charged dust particles. From the model equations for this plasma system, a quadruple Beltrami (QB) relaxed state is derived. The QB relaxed state is a non-force-free state that is the linear superposition of four single Beltrami states. A numerical analysis of the QB state is carried out by considering the plasma parameters typical of summer echo altitudes in the polar mesosphere. The analysis reveals the possibility for the formation of multiscale relaxed state structures, and the bite-out condition can transform paramagnetic field structures into diamagnetic ones. The potential implications of the current study for mesospheric plasmas are also discussed.