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<p>This investigation pertains to the influence of non-linear thermal radiation on unsteady stagnation flows of a hybrid nanofluid consisting of single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes dispersed in the engine oil. The analysis is performed using similarity transformations and the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with a shooting technique. A key innovation of this work lies in the combined evaluation of nonlinear thermal radiation and thermal stratification within a hybrid nanofluid framework, which has not been explored in prior literature. The study examines how nanoparticle shape, volume fraction, and thermophysical properties influence velocity and temperature distributions. The results indicate that the velocities and the temperatures of SWCNT-MWCNT/engine oil are greater than those of the mono nanofluid (SWCNT/engine oil). The velocity and temperatures are enhanced with increasing volume fraction of SWCNT. Blade-shaped nanotubes show higher temperatures. Surface drag reduces linearly with unsteadiness parameter and increases with stagnation flow parameter. Nusselt number increases with radiation and shape factor parameters. Increase in Nusselt number with blade-shaped nanotubes is very significant. These findings have practical implications for the design of advanced cooling systems in aerospace, electronics, and energy industries.</p>

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Nonlinear thermal radiative unsteady stagnation point flow of engine oil-based nanofluid with carbon nanotubes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • K. Sreelakshmi,
  • R. Vijaya Lakshmi,
  • G. Sarojamma

摘要

This investigation pertains to the influence of non-linear thermal radiation on unsteady stagnation flows of a hybrid nanofluid consisting of single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes dispersed in the engine oil. The analysis is performed using similarity transformations and the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with a shooting technique. A key innovation of this work lies in the combined evaluation of nonlinear thermal radiation and thermal stratification within a hybrid nanofluid framework, which has not been explored in prior literature. The study examines how nanoparticle shape, volume fraction, and thermophysical properties influence velocity and temperature distributions. The results indicate that the velocities and the temperatures of SWCNT-MWCNT/engine oil are greater than those of the mono nanofluid (SWCNT/engine oil). The velocity and temperatures are enhanced with increasing volume fraction of SWCNT. Blade-shaped nanotubes show higher temperatures. Surface drag reduces linearly with unsteadiness parameter and increases with stagnation flow parameter. Nusselt number increases with radiation and shape factor parameters. Increase in Nusselt number with blade-shaped nanotubes is very significant. These findings have practical implications for the design of advanced cooling systems in aerospace, electronics, and energy industries.