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<p>Yb<sup>3+</sup> and Er<sup>3+</sup>-co-doped WO<sub>3</sub> upconversion phosphors (WO<sub>3</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup> UCPs) were successfully synthesized using a high-energy wet ball milling method. The structural and optical properties of the phosphors were systematically examined at various annealing temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that all samples corresponded to the monoclinic WO<sub>3</sub> phase without any secondary phases. Both the XRD and Raman peak intensities increased as the annealing temperature increased, indicating enhanced crystallinity. Similarly, photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity was positively correlated with annealing temperature. Under 980&#xa0;nm excitation, PL spectra exhibited strong green emissions at 522 and 546&#xa0;nm, and a weaker red emission at 654&#xa0;nm, corresponding to the Er<sup>3+</sup> transitions of <sup>2</sup>H<sub>11/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub>, and <sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub>, respectively. Notably, at 522&#xa0;nm, the intensity of PL spectra for the sample annealed at 1000&#xa0;℃ was approximately five times that of the sample annealed at 400&#xa0;℃. </p>

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Effect of annealing temperature on structural and optical properties of WO3:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion phosphors by high-energy wet ball milling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • In Cheol Hwang,
  • HyeonJun Jung,
  • Gyeong Bok Jung

摘要

Yb3+ and Er3+-co-doped WO3 upconversion phosphors (WO3:Yb3+, Er3+ UCPs) were successfully synthesized using a high-energy wet ball milling method. The structural and optical properties of the phosphors were systematically examined at various annealing temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that all samples corresponded to the monoclinic WO3 phase without any secondary phases. Both the XRD and Raman peak intensities increased as the annealing temperature increased, indicating enhanced crystallinity. Similarly, photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity was positively correlated with annealing temperature. Under 980 nm excitation, PL spectra exhibited strong green emissions at 522 and 546 nm, and a weaker red emission at 654 nm, corresponding to the Er3+ transitions of 2H11/2 → 4I15/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2, and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2, respectively. Notably, at 522 nm, the intensity of PL spectra for the sample annealed at 1000 ℃ was approximately five times that of the sample annealed at 400 ℃.