<p>This research examined a collisionless magnetized two-fluid plasma system that includes cold dynamic ions and non-thermal electrons with a regularized kappa distribution. The nonlinear differential equation governing the propagation of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) has been derived using the reductive perturbation method. The results indicate that the phase speed of the ion-acoustic solitary waves depends on the cutoff parameter. These findings are particularly significant for values smaller than the specified range. Examining the solutions of the nonlinear differential equation governing the IAWs reveals that the wave structure (amplitude and width) will show different behaviors with an increase. In addition, the results demonstrate that compressive as well as rarefactive solitary waves can propagate in this plasma system. Furthermore, the propagation conditions for each type of wave depend on the spectral index parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40042_2025_1373_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\kappa$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>κ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and cutoff parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40042_2025_1373_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\alpha$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. When the standard kappa distribution function for electrons is considered, the phase speed diverges in the range of small kappa values. The obtained results show that the standard kappa distribution function provides a more realistic and improved description of the behavior of plasma particles in this plasma model. Moreover, the impact of the magnetic field’s strength and the obliqueness of the magnetic field to the direction of the propagation of the wave structure has led to significant outcomes. The results indicate that the intensity of the magnetic field does not impact the magnitude of the soliton wave. However, as the field’s intensity increases, the width of the soliton waves decreases. These findings can be utilized to study the nonlinear structures of both space and laboratory plasma systems consisting of non-equilibrium particles.</p>

Solitary ion acoustic wave in magnetized plasma with hot electrons taking regularized kappa distribution

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发表日期：

2025年4月30日

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Mohammad Eghbali

摘要

This research examined a collisionless magnetized two-fluid plasma system that includes cold dynamic ions and non-thermal electrons with a regularized kappa distribution. The nonlinear differential equation governing the propagation of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) has been derived using the reductive perturbation method. The results indicate that the phase speed of the ion-acoustic solitary waves depends on the cutoff parameter. These findings are particularly significant for values smaller than the specified range. Examining the solutions of the nonlinear differential equation governing the IAWs reveals that the wave structure (amplitude and width) will show different behaviors with an increase. In addition, the results demonstrate that compressive as well as rarefactive solitary waves can propagate in this plasma system. Furthermore, the propagation conditions for each type of wave depend on the spectral index parameter $\kappa$ $κ$ and cutoff parameter $\alpha$ $α$ . When the standard kappa distribution function for electrons is considered, the phase speed diverges in the range of small kappa values. The obtained results show that the standard kappa distribution function provides a more realistic and improved description of the behavior of plasma particles in this plasma model. Moreover, the impact of the magnetic field’s strength and the obliqueness of the magnetic field to the direction of the propagation of the wave structure has led to significant outcomes. The results indicate that the intensity of the magnetic field does not impact the magnitude of the soliton wave. However, as the field’s intensity increases, the width of the soliton waves decreases. These findings can be utilized to study the nonlinear structures of both space and laboratory plasma systems consisting of non-equilibrium particles.