<p>Air pollution remains one of the most critical environmental challenges facing the world today. The emission of high levels of air pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), poses significant threats to the environment, human health, and animal life. According to recent data from the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution levels remain dangerously high in many regions, with 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathing air that exceeds safe pollution limits. The WHO also estimates that approximately 7 million people die each year due to exposure to polluted air. In 2016 alone, ambient (outdoor) air pollution was responsible for around 4.2 million deaths, while household air pollution, primarily from cooking with polluting fuels and technologies, accounted for an estimated 3.8 million deaths. Although various chemical methods are currently employed to reduce polluted gaseous emissions, many of these approaches are not environmentally sustainable. In contrast, biofiltration showed a promising biological alternative for treating contaminated air streams. In this method, pollutants are biologically degraded into less toxic compounds, offering a cost-effective and eco-friendly substitute to conventional air pollution control technologies. This review explored the application of biofiltration for air pollution control, discussing different types of biofilter, the underlying mechanisms of biofiltration, key operational parameters influencing biofilter performance, major air contaminants, and the microorganisms involved in pollutant degradation. Moreover, the present study also addressed the&#xa0;future directions for research and development in this field.</p>